Role of phytase supplementation in improving nutrient digestibility and growth performance for Labeo rohita fingerlings fed on canola meal-based diet

Figures & data

Table 1. Proximate analysis (%) of feed ingredients (dry matter basis).

Ingredients	Dry matter (%)	Crude protein (%)	Crude fat (%)	Crude fibre (%)	Ash (%)	Total carbohydrate (%)	Gross Energy (kcal g^−1)
Fish meal	91.63	48.15	7.16	.52	26.23	17.94	3.69
Wheat flour	92.45	10.10	2.35	1.65	2.08	83.82	2.96
Corn gluten 60%	92.59	59.12	4.96	1.19	1.58	33.15	4.23
Rice polish	94.09	12.35	12.31	2.71	7.90	64.73	4.33
Canola meal	94.12	38.10	1.52	1.39	9.26	49.73	3.13

Table 2. Ingredients (%) of reference and canola meal-based test diets (as fed basis).

Ingredients	Reference diet	Test diets
Fish meal	20.0	14.0
Wheat flour	24.0	16.8
Corn gluten 60%	20.0	14.0
Rice polish	25.0	16.6
Fish oil	7.0	4.9
^aVitamin premix	1.0	1.0
^bMinerals	1.0	1.0
Ascorbic acid	1.0	1.0
Chromic oxide	1.0	.7
Canola meal	–	30.0
Total	100.0	100.0

^aEach kg of Vitamin premix contains:

Vitamin A, 15 M.I.U.: Vitamin D₃, 3 M.I.U.

Vitamin B₁, 5000 mg: Vitamin E, 6000 IU.

Vitamin B₂, 6000 mg: Vitamin K₃, 4000 mg.

Vitamin B₆, 4000 mg: Folic acid, 750 mg.

Vitamin B₁₂, 9000 mcg: Calcium pantothenate, 10,000 mg.

Vitamin C, 15,000 mg: Nicotinic acid, 25,000 mg.

^bEach kg mineral granules contains:

Ca (Calcium), 155 gm Mn: (Manganese), 2000 mg.

P (Phosphorous), 135 gm Cu: (Copper), 600 mg.

Mg (Magnesium), 55 gm Co: (Cobalt), 40 mg.

Fe (Iron), 1000 mg: I (Iodine), 40 mg.

Zn (Zinc), 3000 mg: Se (Selenium), 3 mg.

Na (Sodium), 45 gm.

Table 3. Analysed composition of nutrients (%) in reference and canola meal-based test diets.

Diets		Crude protein (%)	Crude fat (%)	Gross energy (%)
Reference diet		30.21	6.65	4.26
Phytase levels (FTU kg^−1)	0 (Test diet I)	26.85	4.93	4.03
	250 (Test diet II)	26.73	4.93	4.10
	500 (Test diet III)	26.90	4.94	4.04
	750 (Test diet IV)	27.28	4.93	4.09
	1000 (Test diet V)	27.45	4.95	4.12
	1250 (Test diet VI)	27.07	4.94	4.07
	1500 (Test diet-VII)	27.61	4.93	4.12
PSE		.1701	.0109	.0082
p-value		<.001	<.001	<.001

Data are means of three replicates.

PSE = pooled SE = √MSE/n (where MSE = mean-squared error).

Figure 1 . The quadratic relationship between apparent nutrient digestibility (%) of reference, canola meal-based test diets and phytase levels (FTU kg⁻¹)

Table 4. Analysed composition of nutrients (%) in faeces of L. rohita fingerlings fed on reference and canola meal-based test diets.

Diets		Crude protein (%)	Crude fat (%)	Gross energy (%)
Reference diet		13.63^b	2.18^d	1.80^b
Phytase levels (FTU kg^−1)	0 (Test diet I)	15.29^e	1.76^bc	2.02^cd
	250 (Test diet II)	14.48^d	1.67^bc	1.97^c
	500 (Test diet III)	14.21^cd	1.62^b	1.79^b
	750 (Test diet IV)	11.42^a	1.40^a	1.52^a
	1000 (Test diet V)	13.60^bc	1.72^bc	1.76^b
	1250 (Test diet VI)	14.54^de	1.67^bc	2.00^cd
	1500 (Test diet-VII)	15.27^e	1.81^c	2.09^d
PSE		.1534	.0293	.0203
p-value		<.001	<.001	<.001

Note: Means within columns having different superscripts are significantly different at p < .05.

Data are means of three replicates.

PSE = pooled SE = √MSE/n (where MSE = mean-squared error).

Table 5. Apparent nutrient digestibility (%) of reference and canola meal-based test diets.

Diets		Crude protein (%)	Crude fat (%)	Gross energy (%)
Reference diet		61.54^ab	71.51^b	62.45^bc
Phytase levels (FTU kg^−1)	0 (Test diet I)	49.92^c	68.68^cd	55.20^d
	250 (Test diet II)	51.00^c	69.32^c	55.76^d
	500 (Test diet III)	52.32^c	70.36^bc	61.00^c
	750 (Test diet IV)	64.34^a	75.85^a	68.36^a
	1000 (Test diet V)	57.91^b	70.44^bc	65.18^ab
	1250 (Test diet VI)	51.29^c	69.35^c	56.34^d
	1500 (Test diet-VII)	49.75^c	66.74^d	55.01^d
PSE		1.1167	.4292	.8391
p-value		<.001	<.001	<.001

Note: Means within rows having different superscripts are significantly different.

Data are means of three replicates.

PSE = pooled SE = √MSE/n (where MSE = mean-squared error).

Table 6. Growth performance of L. rohita fingerlings fed on reference and canola meal-based test diets.

Parameters	Reference diet	Test diet-I	Test diet-II	Test diet-III	Test diet-IV	Test diet-V	Test diet-VI	Test diet-VII
		Phytase levels (FTU kg^−1)
		0	250	500	750	1000	1250	1500	PSE	P
Initial weight (g)	7.05	7.04	7.04	7.05	7.05	7.04	7.04	7.04	.0111	.9915
Final weight (g)	10.78^c	10.15^d	10.29^d	10.71^c	11.86^a	11.13^b	10.21^d	10.15^d	.0371	<.001
Weight gain (g)	3.73^d	3.11^d	3.25^d	3.66^c	4.81^a	4.09^b	3.17^d	3.11^d	.0434	<.001
Weight gain (%)	52.98^c	44.22^d	46.12^d	51.99^c	68.15^a	58.02^b	44.96^d	44.15^d	.6786	<.001
SGR	.606^c	.522^d	.542^d	.597^c	.743^a	.654^b	.531^d	.522^d	.013	<.001
Weight gain (fish^−1 day^−1) g	.053^c	.044^d	.046^d	.052^c	.069^a	.058^b	.045^d	.044^d	.0006	<.001
Feed intake (fish^−1 day^−1) g	.074^bc	.075^bc	.080^b	.081^b	.089^a	.082^ab	.075^bc	.071^c	.0016	<.001
FCR	1.39^ab	1.69^c	1.72^c	1.55^bc	1.30^a	1.40^ab	1.66^c	1.60^bc	.0415	<.001

Note: Means within rows having different superscripts are significantly different at p < .05.

Data are means of three replicates.

PSE = pooled SE = √MSE/n (where MSE = mean-squared error).