In vitro binding capacity of organic (wheat bran and rice bran) and inorganic (perlite) sources for Mn, Zn, Cu, and Fe

Figures & data

Table 1. Proximate analysis of wheat bran and rice bran (%mean ± SD).

Sample	Moisture	Protein	Ash	Ether extract	CHO^a
Wheat bran	9.55 ± 0.47	15.70 ± 0.78	4.60 ± 0.23	1.97 ± 0.09	68.18 ± 3.40
Rice bran	6.48 ± 0.32	9.62 ± 0.48	15.63 ± 0.78	5.37 ± 0.26	62.90 ± 3.14

^aTotal carbohydrate (CHO)can be calculated by [100 − (protein + fat + moisture + ash)].

Table 2. NDF, ADF, ADL, and phytic acid of wheat bran and rice bran (%mean ± SD).

Sample	NDF	ADF	ADL	CF	Phytic acid
Wheat bran	45.40 ± 2.27	13.80 ± 0.69	4.20 ± 0.21	11.05 ± 0.55	3.37 ± 0.16
Rice bran	66.60 ± 3.33	44.80 ± 2.24	11.20 ± 0.56	27.86 ± 1.39	4.43 ± 0.22

Note: NDF, neutral detergent fibre; ADF, acid detergent fibre; ADL, acid detergent lignin; CF, crude fibre.

Table 3. Cellulose and hemicellulose of wheat bran and rice bran (%mean ± SD).

Sample	Cellulose^a	Hemicellulose^b	NFC^c	TDF	SDF	ISDF	TNSP
Wheat bran	9.60 ± 0.48	31.60 ± 1.58	32.53 ± 1.62	37.4 ± 1.87	2.90 ± 0.14	35.9 ± 1.79	44.9 ± 2.24
Rice bran	33.60 ± 1.68	21.8 ± 1.09	2.78 ± 0.14	25.5 ± 1.27	0.5 ± 0.02	21.3 ± 1.06	35.07 ± 1.75

Note: TDF, total dietary fibre; SDF, soluble dietary fibre; ISDF, insoluble dietary fibre; TNSP = DF + lignin.

^aCellulose content was calculated by difference: ADF − ADL.

^bHemicellulose content was calculated by difference: NDF − ADF.

^cNFC is calculated by the difference [100 − (%NDF + %CP + %fat + ash)].

Table 4. Endogenous mineral content and in vitro mineral-binding capacity of the samples under sequential simulated physiological conditions of the stomach (% removal), small intestine (% binding), and colon (% releasing) (mean ± SD).

Mineral	Samples	Endogenous (µg/g)	Removal^a	Binding^b	Releasing^c
Mn	Wheat bran	163.40 ± 8.17a	89.19 ± 5.86a	13.10 ± 0.40a	11.46 ± 0.57b
	Rice bran	128.60 ± 6.43b	72.08 ± 1.17b	13.53 ± 0.67a	11.16 ± 0.55b
	Perlite	121.30 ± 0.60b	91.42 ± 1.27a	0.76 ± 0.05b	71.65 ± 2.37a
Zn	Wheat bran	33.90 ± 1.69b	48.82 ± 4.58b	31.08 ± 1.55b	3.00 ± 0.15b
	Rice bran	17.01 ± 0.85c	34.92 ± 1.74c	33.89 ± 1.69a	3.05 ± 0.16b
	Perlite	95.70 ± 4.30a	94.30 ± 1.44a	1.74 ± 0.14c	81.33 ± 1.32a
Fe	Wheat bran	845.45 ± 42.27a	38.41 ± 2.41	14.14 ± 0.70c	20.13 ± 3.03b
	Rice bran	599.70 ± 29.98b	36.86 ± 3.46	21.61 ± 1.08b	17.49 ± 0.87b
	Perlite	565.65 ± 24.43b	35.73 ± 2.16	83.09 ± 4.80a	70.46 ± 1.88a
Cu	Wheat bran	44.05 ± 2.20b	69.86 ± 4.55b	63.49 ± 3.17a	7.57 ± 0.57b
	Rice bran	65.18 ± 3.25a	30.73 ± 2.21c	67.51 ± 3.37a	7.39 ± 0.36b
	Perlite	19.80 ± 0.20c	86.99 ± 2.48a	1.41 ± 0.21b	60.00 ± 2.96a

Note: Data within a column with different superscripts differ (p < .05).

^a% Removal = ((endogenous mineral bound – gastric mineral bound) × 100%)/endogenous mineral bound.

^b% Binding = ((small intestinal mineral bound – gastric mineral bound) × 100%)/total exogenous mineral added)

^c% Releasing = ((small intestinal mineral bound – colonic mineral bound) × 100%)/small intestinal mineral bound.

Table 5. Endogenous mineral content and in vitro mineral-binding capacity of the samples under sequential simulated physiological conditions of the stomach (% removal), small intestine (% binding), and colon (% releasing).

Samples	Mineral	Endogenous (µg/g)	Removal^a	Binding^b	Releasing^c
Perlite	Mn	121.30 ± 0.60b	91.42 ± 1.27a	0.76 ± 0.05b	71.65 ± 2.37b
	Cu	19.80 ± 0.20d	86.99 ± 2.48b	1.41 ± 0.21b	60.00 ± 2.96c
	Zn	95.70 ± 4.30c	94.30 ± 1.44a	1.74 ± 0.14b	81.33 ± 1.32a
	Fe	565.65 ± 24.43a	35.73 ± 2.16c	83.09 ± 4.80a	70.46 ± 1.88b
Wheat bran	Mn	163.40 ± 8.17b	89.19 ± 5.86a	13.10 ± 0.40c	11.46 ± 0.57b
	Cu	44.05 ± 2.20c	69.86 ± 4.55b	63.49 ± 3.17a	7.57 ± 0.57b
	Zn	33.90 ± 1.69c	48.82 ± 4.58c	31.08 ± 1.55b	3.00 ± 0.15d
	Fe	845.45 ± 42.27a	38.41 ± 2.41d	14.14 ± 0.70c	20.13 ± 3.03a
Rice bran	Mn	128.60 ± 6.43b	72.08 ± 1.17a	13.53 ± 0.67d	11.16 ± 0.55b
	Cu	65.18 ± 3.25c	30.73 ± 2.21c	67.51 ± 3.37a	7.39 ± 0.36c
	Zn	17.01 ± 0.85d	34.92 ± 1.74bc	33.89 ± 1.69b	3.05 ± 0.16d
	Fe	599.70 ± 29.98a	36.86 ± 3.46c	21.61 ± 1.08c	17.49 ± 0.87a

Note: Data within a column with different superscripts differ (p < .05).

^a% Removal = ((endogenous mineral bound – gastric mineral bound) × 100%)/endogenous mineral bound.

^b% Binding = ((small intestinal mineral bound – gastric mineral bound) × 100%)/total exogenous mineral added).

^c% Releasing = ((small intestinal mineral bound – colonic mineral bound) × 100%)/small intestinal mineral bound.

Figure 1. Mineral-binding capacity of the samples under sequential simulated physiological conditions of the small intestine (% binding).

Figure 2. Comparison of some components and mineral-binding capacity in wheat bran, rice bran, and perlite.