Effects of dietary supplementation of chelated water-soluble mineral mixture on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles and faecal micro flora in weanling pigs

Figures & data

Table 1. Chelated mineral mixture composition.

Items	Chelated mineral 1	Chelated mineral 2
Mineral elements, mg/L
K	102.04	66.80
Na	1408.06	1509.20
P	101.50	109.19
Ca	2461.27	1021.10
Mg	1909.62	309.48
Fe	1049.41	854.76
Al	1133.21	1194.01
Mn	138.23	152.35
Si	183.39	136.41
Zn	30.65	5.79
Cu	80.84	65.10
Zr	5.31	4.71
Ti	24.23	27.03
Ce	2.63	2.09
Nd	1.22	1.65
La	1.19	1.01
V	131.48	–
Se	51.29	1.18
Co	42.09	42.09
Ge	20.08	0.43
Mo	0.55	0.78
Ba	12.62	14.16
Cr	0.24	0.25
Ni	19.36	20.25
Br	0.24	0.25
Nb	1.23	–
Ag	4.67	–
I	3.04	–
Cl	0.22	0.25
W	6.78	–
Total	8926.69^a	5540.32^a

Note: Chelated mineral 1 containing 0.89% of the mineral mixture was used in TRT1 and chelated mineral 2 containing 0.55% of the mineral mixture was used in TRT2.

^aMineral mixture 0.89% or 0.55% was administered to pigs by diluting 10 ml of each of the mineral mixture chelates in 20 L tap water.

Table 2. Feed compositions of basal diet (as-fed basis).

Item	Phase 1 (1–14 days)	Phase 2 (15–35 days)
Ingredient, %
Corn	11.91	28.14
Extruded corn	28.05	21.91
Soybean meal (48% CP)	29.8	36.5
Soy oil	3.7	4.5
Lactose	8.0	–
Whey	15.0	5.0
Monocalcium phosphate	1.2	1.4
L-Lys HCl (78%)	0.54	0.53
DL-Met (50%)	0.14	0.31
L-Thr (89%)	0.22	0.21
Vitamin premix^a	0.1	0.1
Mineral premix^b	0.2	0.2
Limestone	0.94	0.9
Salt	0.2	0.3
Calculated composition
Metabolizable energy, kcal/kg	3700	3650
Analysed composition,%
Crude protein	21.7	20.5
Lysine	1.4	1.35
Calcium	0.65	0.62
Total phosphorous	0.52	0.5
Methionine	0.60	0.55
Crude fibre	2.01	2.55

^aProvided per kg of complete diet: vitamin A, 11,025 IU; vitamin D₃, 1103 IU; vitamin E, 44 IU; vitamin K, 4.4 mg; riboflavin, 8.3 mg; niacin, 50 mg; thiamine, 4 mg; d-pantothenic, 29 mg; choline, 166 mg; and vitamin B₁₂, 33 μg.

^bProvided per kg of complete diet: Cu (as CuSO₄•5H₂O), 12 mg; Zn (as ZnSO₄), 85 mg; Mn (as MnO₂), 8 mg; I (as KI), 0.28 mg; and Se (as Na₂SeO₃•5H₂O), 0.15 mg.

Table 3. The effects of chelated water-soluble mineral supplementation on growth performance in weanling pigs

Items	CON^a	TRT1^a	TRT2^a	SE^b	P-value
Phase 1 (1–14 days)
ADG, g	332	352	341	9	.29
ADFI, g	412	418	409	9	.78
G/F	0.806^d	0.842^c	0.834^c	0.009	.01
Phase 2 (15–35 days)
ADG, g	535^d	555^c	550^c	8	.22
ADFI, g	805	799	794	7	.55
G/F	0.665	0.695	0.693	0.009	.07
Overall (1–35 days)
ADG, g	454^d	474^c	466^c,d	6	.09
ADFI, g	648	647	640	7	.67
G/F	0.701^d	0.733^c	0.728^c	0.006	.007

^aAbbreviation: (1) CON, basal diet and normal tap water, (2) TRT1, basal diet + 10 ml of 0.89% chelated water-soluble mineral mixture in 20 L tap water and (3) TRT2, basal diet + 10 ml of 0.55% chelated water-soluble mineral mixture in 20 L tap water.

^bStandard error (pooled).

^c,dMeans in the same row with different superscripts differ (P < .05).

Table 4. The effects of chelated water-soluble mineral supplementation on nutrient digestibility in weanling pigs.

Items,%	CON^a	TRT1^a	TRT2^a	SE^b	P-value
14 day
DM	82.63^d	85.64^c	84.25^c,d	0.54	.05
N	81.27	82.63	82.51	0.63	.26
Gross energy	82.65	84.55	83.24	0.60	.10
Ca	62.25	65	63.09	1.20	.28
P	47.75	43.31	44.84	3.76	.70
35 day
DM	80.96	81.8	81.38	1.06	.85
N	78.71	80.26	79.91	1.15	.61
Gross energy	79.61	81.11	80.48	1.09	.63
Ca	56.3	57.47	56.89	2.45	.94
P	45.14	40.81	43.81	3.89	.72

^aAbbreviation: (1) CON, basal diet and normal tap water, (2) TRT1, basal diet + 10 ml of 0.89% chelated water-soluble mineral mixture in 20 L tap water and (3) TRT2, basal diet + 10 ml of 0.55% chelated water-soluble mineral mixture in 20 L tap water.

^bStandard error (pooled).

^c,dMeans in the same row with different superscripts differ (P < .05).

Table 5. The effects of chelated water-soluble mineral supplementation on blood profiles in weanling pigs.

Items	CON^a	TRT1^a	TRT2^a	SE^b	P-value
Lymphocyte, %
14 day	50.3	50.42	52.92	4.60	.90
35 day	52.12	53.18	56.58	4.01	.72
RBC, 10^6/µl
14 day	6.1	6.15	6.17	0.15	.94
35 day	6.12	6.19	6.26	0.08	.50
WBC, 10^3/µl
14 day	16.83	17.12	17.63	1.05	.86
35 day	17.08	18.55	18.19	1.03	.59
Calcium, mg/dL
14 day	10.9	13.8	13.64	1.08	.16
35 day	12.48^d	17.60^c	15.25^c,d	1.42	.02
P, mg/dL
14 day	7.32	8.98	9.44	0.82	.21
35 day	8.80	12.68	11.84	0.97	.05
Mg, mg/dL
14 day	1.8	1.9	1.96	0.17	.79
35 day	2.1	2.16	2.3	0.27	.87
Fe, g/dL
14 day	57.8	65	69.6	10.03	.71
35 day	58.50^d	96.50^c	92.25^c	9.47	.02
Cu, g/dL
14 day	55.08^d	94.53^c	104.17^c	8.15	.006
35 day	68.34^d	121.96^c	109.12^c	12.01	.03

^aAbbreviation: (1) CON, basal diet and normal tap water, (2) TRT1, basal diet + 10 ml of 0.89% chelated water-soluble mineral mixture in 20 L tap water and (3) TRT2, basal diet + 10 ml of 0.55% chelated water-soluble mineral mixture in 20 L tap water.

^bStandard error (pooled).

^c,dMeans in the same row with different superscripts differ (P < .05).

Table 6. The effects of chelated water-soluble mineral supplementation on faecal microflora in weanling pigs.

Items, log10 cfu/g	CON^a	TRT1^a	TRT2^a	SE^b	P-value
14 day
Salmonella	2.39	2.23	2.21	0.05	.10
E. coli	6.59	6.10	6.31	0.08	.35
35 day
Salmonella	2.44	2.24	2.17	0.08	.12
E. coli	6.54^c	6.20^d	6.36^c,d	0.07	.02

^aAbbreviation: (1) CON, basal diet and normal tap water, (2) TRT1, basal diet + 10 ml of 0.89% chelated water-soluble mineral mixture in 20 L tap water and (3) TRT2, basal diet + 10 ml of 0.55% chelated water-soluble mineral mixture in 20 L tap water.

^bStandard error (pooled).

^c,dMeans in the same row with different superscripts differ (P < .05).