Multivariate analysis as a tool for phenotypic characterization of an endangered breed

Figures & data

Figure 1. Adult females of Canindé goat breed in Boa Vista Municipality, Paraíba State, Brazil.

Figure 2. Pernambuco, Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte and Bahia states of northeast Brazil.

Table 1. Averages (cm) and their respective deviant-pattern for evaluated morphometric characteristics (Canindé breed), according to the state.

Variables	Rio Grande do Norte N° 69	Pernambuco N° 09	Paraíba N° 39	Bahia N° 33
Head length	21.71 ± 1.22^a	19.94 ± 0.73^b	20.52 ± 0.88^b	20.59 ± 0.73^b
Face width	12.75 ± 1.42^a	11.77 ± 0.66^b	12.00 ± 1.01^ba	12.57 ± 0.76^ba
Head width	11.39 ± 0.73^a	11.39 ± 1.05^a	9.80 ± 0.90^b	11.03 ± 0.66^a
Body length	67.17 ± 4.54^a	68.33 ± 3.27^a	65.71 ± 3.99^a	67.75 ± 3.48^a
Chest girth	76.49 ± 5.10^b	78.88 ± 4.51^b	78.50 ± 5.35^b	87.66 ± 5.27^a
Wither height	67.19 ± 3.07^b	67.44 ± 2.69^b	66.34 ± 3.44^b	70.68 ± 3.09^a
Sacral region height	66.86 ± 4.00^b	69.00 ± 3.08^ba	66.20 ± 3.32^b	70.31 ± 3.56^a
Croup width	15.04 ± 1.46^a	13.44 ± 1.58^b	13.67 ± 1.81^b	13.21 ± 1.06^b
Croup length	16.56 ± 1.13^a	14.72 ± 1.09^b	15.16 ± 1.00^b	15.45 ± 0.82^b
Shin perimeter	8.53 ± 0.55^b	9.11 ± 0.60^ba	8.69 ± 0.65^ba	9.57 ± 1.75^a
Ear size	13.30 ± 0.86^a	12.38 ± 1.21^b	12.62 ± 0.97^ba	12.92 ± 0.66^ba

Notes: Equal letters on the same line do not statistically differ as assessed by Tukey test at 5% (p < .05); N°: Observation numbers.

Table 2. Frequency distribution of morphologic traits in Canindé goats in Pernambuco (PE), Paraíba (PB), Rio Grande do Norte (RN) and Bahia (BA) states, northeastern Brazil.

		RN		PE		PB		BA
Alleles	Phenotype	N	Freq.	N	Freq.	N	Freq.	N	Freq.
Wa^w	Presence of earrings	5	0.07	–	–	4	0.10	–	–
Wa^+	Absence of earrings	64	0.93	9	1.00	35	0.90	33	1.00
Ho^+	Presence of horn	68	0.99	9	1.00	39	1.00	33	1.00
Ho^p	Absence of horn	1	0.01	–	–	–	–	–	–
Br^b	Presence of beard	21	0.30	5	0.56	32	0.82	26	0.79
Br^+	Absence of beard	48	0.70	4	0.44	7	0.18	7	0.21
HL^L	Long hair	1	0.01	–	–	5	0.13	–	–
HL^+	Short hair	68	0.99	9	1.00	34	0.87	33	1.00
−	Presence of politetia	6	0.09	1	0.11	1	0.03	–	–
−	Absence of politetia	63	0.91	8	0.89	38	0.97	33	1.00

Notes: N: Number of observations; Freq.: frequency.

Table 3. Person correlations between the evaluated morphometric variables on Canindé goats.

	HL	FW	HW	BL	CG	WH	SRH	CW	CL	SP	ES
HL	1.00000	0.69245**	0.47179**	0.45868**	0.36222**	0.40736**	0.35025**	0.52828**	0.58192**	0.28343**	0.22132**
FW		1.00000	0.28261**	0.28668**	0.27678**	0.30835**	0.12588**	0.45474**	0.41909**	0.23488**	0.14075**
HW			1.00000	0.43416	0.39576**	0.39908**	0.45451**	0.43591**	0.52413**	0.27428**	0.24871**
BL				1.00000	0.64899	0.60279**	0.56768**	0.27771**	0.49384**	0.39364**	0.11590^NS
CG					1.00000	0.71969**	0.69610**	0.16818**	0.38998**	0.51240**	0.07690^NS
WH						1.00000	0.77545**	0.22616**	0.49229**	0.46279**	0.17692***
SRH							1.00000	0.17579**	0.42153**	0.40289**	0.23165**
CW								1.00000	0.57377**	0.06498^NS	0.16706**
CL									1.00000	0.11976^NS	0.30181**
SP										1.00000	0.10731^NS
ES											1.00000

Notes: HL: head length; FW: face width; HW: head width; BL: body length; CG: chest girth; WH: wither height; SRH: sacral region height; CW: croup width; CL: croup length; SP: shin perimeter; ES: ear size.

** Significant correlations.

Figure 3. Dendogram obtained from the Euclidean distance and clustering method, highlighting the relationships between 11 morphometric variables. HL: head length; FW: face width; HW: head width; BL: body length; CG: chest girth; WH: wither height; SRH: sacral region height; CW: croup width; CL: croup length; SP: shin perimeter; ES: ear size.

Table 4. Factors, eigenvalues, simple and total accumulated variation of morphometric traits of Canindé goat breed.

Factors	Eigenvalues	Simple variation (%)	Accumulated variation (%)
1	2.898203	26.34730	26.34730
2	2.460923	22.37202	48.71932
3	1.169164	10.62876	59.34809
4	0.931672	8.46974	67.81783
5	0.910934	8.28122	76.09905

Table 5. Factor weights for the 11 morphometric measures of Canindé goats.

Variables	Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 3	Factor 4	Factor 5	C
HL	0.862213	−0.094577	0.026110	0.116723	0.061232	0.75717
FW	0.832442	−0.034278	−0.078984	−0.129743	0.325747	0.72559
HW	0.341415	0.182131	0.558520	0.395257	−0.079635	0.20935
BL	0.034011	0.088513	0.881892	−0.101852	0.203637	0.48650
CG	−0.010751	0.673100	0.102917	−0.171096	0.471663	0.42512
WH	0.066881	0.872939	0.073433	−0.002573	0.127553	0.62058
SRH	−0.127482	0.841857	0.090623	0.277386	−0.040914	0.61926
CW	0.709152	−0.045951	0.208467	0.071675	−0.351420	0.55741
CL	0.668240	0.198975	0.288614	0.188946	−0.328674	0.56408
SP	−0.012322	0.216486	0.176691	0.170103	0.793540	0.18542
ES	0.075275	0.062290	−0.011739	0.921934	0.109927	0.35125
V.T.E.*	26.34730	48.71932	59.34809	67.81783	76.09905

Notes: V.T.E.*: Total accumulated variation; C: commonalities; HL: head length; FW: face width; HW: head width; BL: body length; CG: chest girth; WH: wither height; SRH: sacral region height; CW: croup width; CL: croup length; SP: shin perimeter; ES: ear size.

Table 6. Distance of Mahalanobis, based on morphometrical and morphological characteristics of Canindé goats between the states.

Estados	BA	RN	PE	PB
RN	14.50**	0.00
PE	5.55**	10.39**	0.00
PB	7.48**	9.31**	7.58**	0.00

Notes: RN: Rio Grande do Norte; PE: Pernambuco; PB: Paraíba; BA: Bahia.

**Significative (1% probability).

Table 7. Total canonical structure based on morphometric and morphological features of Canindé goats.

Variáveis	CAN 1	CAN 2	CAN 3
Head length	−0.54712	0.16503	−0.34695
Face width	0.27374	−0.36518	0.03180
Head width	−0.41039	−1.05903	0.49104
Body length	−0.00635	0.00983	0.06611
Chest girth	0.11900	−0.02090	−0.10141
Wither height	−0.02419	−0.10088	−0.07016
Sacral region height	0.09504	−0.01245	0.07522
Croup width	−0.17389	0.30395	0.04049
Croup length	−0.30163	−0.03203	−0.42840
Shin perimeter	0.26119	−0.05321	0.10105
Ear size	−0.37965	0.05206	−0.47953
Horn	−1.38179	−0.03645	0.43850
Earring	−0.36851	−0 . 48890	0.46225
Beard	−0.57326	−0 . 44659	0.09337
Hair	−0 . 96134	0.89696	−0.88549
Politetia	0 . 93416	−0.24704	−0.70288
Eugenvalues	2.53100	0.84105	0.21259
V.T.E.*	0.70607	0.94069	1.00000

Note: V.T.E.* – total accumulated variance. Most important variables (WEIGHT) within the CAN1 and CAN 2 given in bold.

Figure 4. Canonical representation of the morphometric and morphological traits associated with individuals by state. RN: Rio Grande do Norte; PE: Pernambuco; PB: Paraíba; BA: Bahia.

Table 8. Percentages of individual classification per state based on discriminant analysis.

States	RN	PE	PB	BA
RN	95.65	1.45	2.9	0.00
PE	0.00	66.67	11.11	22.22
PB	18.0	2.6	71.8	7.6
BA	0.00	6.06	9.1	84.84
Total individuals	73	10	34	33

Notes: RN: Rio Grande do Norte; PE: Pernambuco; PB: Paraíba; BA: Bahia.

Figure 5. Representation of correspondence analysis of morphologic variable, associated to the individuals per state in a bidimensional plan. Phorn: presence of horn; Shorthair: short hair; Pearring: presence of earring; Pbeard: presença presence of beard; CPoli: politetia.