In vitro gas production kinetics and digestibility of king grass (Pennisetum hybrid) added by organic mineral and natural crude tannin

Figures & data

Figure 1. Relationship of methane production and non-glucogenic ratio affected by treatments.

Table 1. In vitro digestibility, fermentability of king grass treated by mineral, tannin leaves, and monensin.

Variables	T0	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5	T6	SEM	P-value
IVOMD (%)	63.26	63.67	62.67	60.44	63.64	61.27	60.55	0.733	0.831
Gp (ml)	69.58^a	74.08^b	76.50^b	71.58^a	78.25^b	66.00^a	70.58^a	1.000	0.003
B (ml)	79.76^a	83.44^b	85.16^b	80.99^a	87.56^b	76.69^a	79.38^a	0.883	0.001
k (ml/h)	0.0460^a	0.0480^b	0.0510^b	0.0476^a	0.0500^b	0.0430^a	0.0487^b	0.001	0.038
L (h)	0.557	0.472	0.469	0.582	0.506	0.317	0.570	0.037	0.640
VFA (mM)	202.44	221.78	268.78	214.87	249.48	200.74	226.43	7.643	0.109
C2 (mM)	146.46	160.68	192.63	157.31	178.29	145.87	164.61	5.338	0.152
C3 (mM)	38.05	39.90	48.06	38.55	45.30	36.10	41.47	1.331	0.139
C4 (mM)	17.93^a	21.19^a	28.09^b	19.01^a	25.89^b	18.77^a	20.36^a	1.067	0.007
C2/C3	3.86	4.03	4.01	4.08	3.94	4.03	3.97	0.098	0.337
NH3(mg/100 ml)	4.84	4.85	6.01	6.12	6.23	5.04	5.92	0.344	0.283
Protozoa (×10^5 cells/ml)	2.68	2.98	4.18	3.10	3.15	3.65	3.15	0.194	0.535

T0 (P. hybrid as a control), T1 (T0 + 3% inorganic mineral/IM), T2 (T0 + 3% organic mineral/OM), T3 (T0 + 2% A. indica/AI), T4 (T0 + 3% IM + 2% AI), T5 (T0 + 3% OM + 2% AI), and T6 (T0 + 40 ppm monensin). B : maximum gas production, k : rate of gas production, L : lag time, Gp: cumulative gas production at 48 h. IVOMD: in vitro organic matter digestibility. If the superscript in same row differs it means significant differences (P < .05). SEM: standard error mean.

Figure 2. Kinetics curve of gas production from king grass treated by an/organic mineral, tannin, and monensin. T0 (P. hybrid as a control), T1 (T0 + 3% inorganic mineral/IM), T2 (T0 + 3% organic mineral/OM), T3 (T0 + 2% Azadirachta indica/AI), T4 (T0 + 3% IM + 2% AI), T5 (T0 + 3% OM + 2% AI), and T6 (T0 + 40 ppm Monensin). Different letters, a, b, c, mean significant differences (P < 0.05).