Comparison between rosemary and commercial antioxidant blend on performance, caecal coliform flora and immunity in broiler chickens fed with diets containing different levels of poultry fat

Figures & data

Table 1. Feed ingredients and nutrient analysis of used diets during experiment.

Ingredient (g/kg)	Starter period (1st–10th day of age)		Grower period (11th–24th day of age)		Finisher period (25th–42nd day of age)
Oil (PF)	35.0	60.0	35.0	60.0	35.0	60.0
Corn	465.2	362.2	533.5	458.1	610.5	537.3
Soybean meal	348.8	370.7	302.4	315.6	256.8	266.7
Gluten	65.0	90.0	40.0	40.0	25.0	25.0
Meat meal	40.0	33.6	40.0	40.0	35.00	35.0
DL-methionine	2.6	2.1	2.1	2.2	2.0	2.1
Lysine-hydrochloride	3.5	3.0	2.1	1.9	2.0	1.9
Threonine	0.7	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4
Choline	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Ca%22P%18	15.4	16.3	15.8	16.0	12.3	12.6
CaCO3	10.9	11.1	10.9	10.8	8.6	8.4
NaHCO3	2.2	2.0	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.6
NaCl	1.6	1.9	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.2
Mineral mixture^a	1.25	1.25	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Vitamin mixture^b	1.25	1.25	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Bentonite	5.6	43.3	11.3	48.4	5.6	43.8
Total	1000	1000	1000	1000	1000	1000
Nutrient analysis
Energy (ME) (kcal/kg)	3025.0	3025.0	3060.0	3060.0	3150.0	3150.0
Crude protein (%)	24.53	24.36	22.17	22.18	19.57	19.45
Dry matter (%)	89.75	90.45	89.54	90.13	89.24	89.83
Lysine (SID) (%)	1.36	1.36	1.13	1.13	1.01	1.01
Methionine (SID) (%)	0.63	0.64	0.53	0.54	0.48	0.49
Met + Cys (SID) (%)	0.98	0.98	0.84	0.84	0.76	0.76
Threonine (SID) (%)	0.86	0.86	0.73	0.73	0.66	0.66
Tryptophan (SID) (%)	0.24	0.24	0.21	0.22	0.19	0.19
Arginine (SID) (%)	1.44	1.45	1.28	1.29	1.13	1.13
Iso-leucine (SID) (%)	0.93	0.94	0.81	0.82	0.71	0.71
Valine (SID) (%)	1.03	1.03	0.91	0.91	0.81	0.80
Leucine (SID) (%)	2.16	2.13	1.85	1.82	1.63	1.59
Calcium (%)	1.05	2.60	1.05	1.05	0.85	0.85
Available phosphorus (%)	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.42	0.42
Sodium (%)	0.16	0.16	0.16	0.16	0.16	0.16
Potassium (%)	0.88	0.89	0.80	0.80	0.72	0.72
Chloride (%)	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.23
DCAB (mEq/kg)	230.02	233.78	208.95	209.88	189.39	188.82
Choline (g/kg)	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.7
Linoleic Acid (%)	1.32	1.17	1.39	1.25	1.48	1.34
Ether extract (%)	5.91	8.00	6.07	8.29	6.22	8.45
Crude fibre (%)	3.58	3.57	3.32	3.27	3.10	3.03

Note: PF, poultry fat; SID, standardized ileal digestible.

^aCu: 3 mg/g; Zn: 15 mg/g; Mn: 20 mg/g; Fe: 10 mg/g; K: 0.3 mg/g.

^bVitamin A: 5000 IU/g; Vitamin D3: 500 IU/g; Vitamin E: 3 mg/g; Vitamin K3: 1.5 mg/g; Vitamin B6: 13 mg/g; Vitamin B2: 1 mg/g; Calcium Pantothenate: 4 mg/g; Niacin: 15 mg/g.

Table 2. Performance means between groups of 180 Ross 308 broilers fed with diets containing the different levels of oil and antioxidants during the grower and finisher periods.

Treatment		Trait
		From 11st to 24th day		From 1st to 24th day		From 25th to 42nd day
		Weight gain (g)	Feed efficiency	Weight gain (g)	Feed efficiency	Weight gain (g)
PF (% in diet)	3.5	888.8^a	1.77^a	1154.8^a	1.62^a	1346.3^a
	6.0	975.4^b	1.46^b	1246.9^b	1.39^b	1571.0^b
	(±SEM)	(±20.5)	(±0.05)	(±20.5)	(±0.04)	(±67.5)
Antioxidant	0	890.0	1.68	1159.2	1.55	1342.8
	CAB	926.5	1.72	1196.1	1.58	1500.8
	RP	979.8	1.46	1247.2	1.38	1532.2
	(±SEM)	(±25.1)	(±0.06)	(±25.1)	(±0.05)	(±82.7)
T1 – 3.5% PF		834.0^a	1.92^a	1100.0^a	1.73^a	1298.0^a
T2 – 6.0% PF		946.0^b,c	1.42^b	1218.3^b,c	1.36^b,c	1387.7^b
T3 – 3.5% PF + CAB		901.3^a,c	1.88^a	1167.0^a,c	1.70^a	1423.3^b
T4 – 3.5% PF + RP		931.0^a,c	1.52^c	1197.3^a,c	1.43^b,c	1317.6^a
T5 – 6.0% PF + CAB		951.7^b,c	1.56^c	1225.3^b,c	1.46^b	1578.3^c
T6 – 6.0% PF + RP		1028.7^b	1.39^b	1297.0^b	1.33^c	1746.9^d
(±SEM)		(±35.4)	(±0.09)	(±35.4)	(±0.07)	(±117.0)

Notes: PF – poultry fat; CAB – commercial antioxidant blend (Loxidan^® TD 100 at 0.1% in diet); RP – rosemary powder at 0.1% in diet. a,b,c,d – Different letters within the same column indicate significant differences among treatment groups (p < .05).

Figure 1. Caecal Escherichia coli mean colony counts (SEM ± 1 420) on 42nd day of age in 18 Ross 308 broilers fed with diets containing the different levels of oil and antioxidants. PF – poultry fat; CAB – commercial antioxidant blend (Loxidan^® TD 100 at 0.1% in diet); RP – rosemary powder at 0.1% in diet.

Figure 2. Immune response mean (SEM ± 235.9) after vaccination against infectious bursal disease virus of 18 Ross 308 broilers fed with diets containing the different levels of oil and antioxidants. PF – poultry fat; CAB – commercial antioxidant blend (Loxidan^® TD 100 at 0.1% in diet); RP – rosemary powder at 0.1% in diet.