Effects of biological and mineral compounds in aflatoxin-contaminated diets on blood parameters and immune response of broiler chickens

Figures & data

Table 1. Composition and measured nutrient of basal diet.

Ingredients (%)	Starter (1–14 days)	Grower (15–28 days)	Finisher (29–42 days)
Ground corn	55	46.08	45
Soybean meal	39	29	32.6
Soybean oil	1	1.05	3.8
wheat	–	20	15
Oyster shell	1.3	1.17	1
Common salt	0.2	0.2	0.1
Premix^a	3.5	2.5	2.5
Analysis
AME (kcal/kg)	2995	2987	3121
Crude protein	22.58	19.25	20.23
Digestible lysine	1.156	0.923	0.994
Digestible methionine	0.528	0.423	0.434
Digestible methionine + cysteine	0.834	0.698	0.717
Available phosphorus	0.546	0.42	0.424
Calcium	1.068	0.87	0.812
Na (%)	0.212	0.187	0.145
Cl (%)	0.248	0.225	0.163

^aPermix Vitamin and Mineral analysis: Vitamin A, 1000 IU; vitamin D₃, 3500 IU; vitamin E, 40 IU; vitamin K₃, 2 mg; vitamin B₁, 2 mg; vitamin B₂, 5 mg; vitamin B₃, 35 mg; vitamin B₅, 13 mg; vitamin B₆, 1.5 mg; vitamin B₁₂, 0.01 mg; vitamin B₉, 1.6 mg; Biotin 1.5 mg ; I, 1.25 mg; Cu, 16 mg; Zn, 100 mg; Se, 0.3 mg ; Mn, 120 mg; Fe, 40 mg; Choline chloride, 350 mg; Betaine, 150 mg; ME (kcal/kg) 2837; CP, 12.5%; TSAA 6.3%; Dig Lys 1.8%; Dig Thr 0.85%; Ca. 21.88%; Na 2.45%; AP 11.5%.

Table 2. Effect of different toxin binders on serum concentrations of glucose, total protein and cholesterol in broiler chickens treated with aflatoxin at 28 days of age.

Treatment	Chol (mmol/l)	TP (g/l)	Glu (mmol/l)
NC	4.34	41.8^a	12.46^a
PC	5.02	37.7^b	10.49^b
Tox®	4.37	42.00^a	12.29^a
L	4.39	42.20^a	12.07^a
B	4.61	41.90^a	12.18^a
Y	4.34	42.10^a	12.45^a
BLY	4.39	42.40^a	12.32^a
HA	4.42	41.90^a	12.64^a
SEM	1.67	0.04	0.28
p-value	.83	.0039	.0015

Note: Chol: cholesterol; TP: total protein; Glu: Glucose; NC: negative control; PC: positive control; Tox^®: Toxeat^® (commercial toxin binder); L: Lactobacillus TD₃, TD₄, TD₁₀, TD₁₅ strains; B: Bacillus Subtilis JQ₆₁₈ strain; Y: yeast cell wall; BLY: B + L + Y; HA: hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate.

Table 3. Effect of different toxin binders on response to DNCB in broiler chickens treated with aflatoxin (mm).

Treatment	24 hours	48 hours
NC	1.40	0.91^a
PC	1.58	0.50^b
Tox^®	1.52	0.91^a
L	1.40	0.98^a
B	1.64	0.98^a
Y	1.63	1.00^a
BLY	1.43	0.84^a
HA	1.30	0.82^a
p-value	.30	.0001
SEM	0.040	0.032

Note: mm: millimetre; DNCB: dinitrochlorobenzene; NC: negative control; PC: positive control; Tox^®: Toxeat^® (commercial toxin binder); L: Lactobacillus TD₃, TD₄, TD₁₀, TD₁₅ strains; B: Bacillus subtilis JQ₆₁₈ strain; Y: Yeast cell wall; BLY: B + L + Y; HA: Hydrated sodium calcium Aluminosilicate.

Table 4. Effect of different toxin binders on response to skin challenge with Phytohemagglutinin in broiler chickens treated with aflatoxin (mm).

Treatment	24 hours	48 hours
NC	1.20^abc	0.37
PC	0.62^c	0.22
Tox^®	1.47^a	0.36
L	0.87^bc	0.40
B	1.12^abc	0.27
Y	1.28^ab	0.27
BLY	1.14^abc	0.30
HA	0.60^c	0.22
p-value	.02	.083
SEM	0.077	0.019

Note: mm: millimetre; NC: negative control; PC: positive control; Tox^®: Toxeat^® (commercial toxin binder); L: Lactobacillus TD₃, TD₄, TD₁₀, TD₁₅ strains; B: Bacillus subtilis JQ₆₁₈ strain; Y: Yeast cell wall; BLY: B + L + Y; HA: Hydrated sodium calcium Aluminosilicate.

Table 5. Effect of different toxin binders on response to SRBC and immunoglobulin titre.

Treatment	Anti-SRBC titre (Log2)
	28 days			35 days
	IgM	IgG	SRBC	IgM	IgG	SRBC
NC	1.40	4.80	6.20^a	2.20	2.60	4.80^a
PC	0.80	3.40^c	4.20^c	1.00	2.20	3.20
Tox^®	0.80	4.20^ab	5.00^bc	1.20	3.40	4.60
L	1.00	4.20^ab	5.20^b	1.00	3.20	4.20
B	1.25	3.50^bc	4.75^bc	1.50	3.00	4.50
Y	1.75	3.50^bc	5.25^b	1.75	3.00	4.75
BLY	0.75	3.75^bc	4.50^bc	1.50	3.00	4.50
HA	0.25	4.00^bc	4.50^bc	0.75	3.00	3.75
p-value	.13	.0013	.0006	.46	.11	.07
SEM	0.13	0.10	0.14	0.17	0.11	0.15

Note: SRBC: sheep red blood cells; IgM: immunoglobulin M; IgG: immunoglobulin G; NC: negative control; PC: positive control; Tox^®: Toxeat^® (commercial toxin binder); L: Lactobacillus TD₃, TD₄, TD₁₀, TD₁₅ strains; B: Bacillus subtilis JQ₆₁₈ strain; Y: Yeast cell wall; BLY: B + L + Y; HA: Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate.