Biochemical responses of juvenile rock spiny lobster Panulirus homarus under different feeding regimes

Figures & data

Table 1. Formulation of pellet diet and proximate composition of the pellet diet and clam meat used as food (g%).

Ingredient	Inclusion g%	Proximate analysis
Soyabean meal	40	Proximate principle	Formulated feed	Clam Meat
Shrimp head extract	30	Moisture	3.52 ± 0.23	85.9 ± 1.12
Wheat flour	10	In dry matter
Fish oil	10	Crude protein	33.05 ± 2.12	38 ± 2.98
Vitamin mineral premix	4	Crude lipid	12.2 ± 1.20	4.47 ± 0.34
Gelatin	3	Crude ash	4.73 ± 0.23	7.41 ± 0.87
Cholesterol	1	Crude fibre	8.0 ± 1.32	0.01 ± 0.00
Diatomaceous earth	2	Nitrogen free extract	42.08 ± 6.54	49.93 ± 9.54

Note: For proximate analysis, data expressed as Mean ± SE. n = 3.

Table 2. Tissue biochemical status, hepatosomatic index (HSI) and tail weight index (TWI) of different experimental groups.

Treatments	Lipid (mg/g wet tissue)		Protein (mg/g wet tissue)		HSI	Tail weight index
	Hepatopancreas	Muscle	Hepatopancreas	Muscle
T1	44.05^b ± 10.3	4.91 ± 0.54	40.91^a ± 7.88	83.24 ± 15.67	2.96^b± 0.26	0.32 ± 0.05
T2	18.02^c ± 9.06	4.52 ± 0.79	19.77^b ± 4.33	91.46 ± 18.21	2.08^a± 0.08	0.322 ± 0.06
T3	78.67^a ± 10.21	5.80 ± 0.90	23.14^b ± 2.87	108.56 ± 12.45	3.26^b± 0.94	0.28 ± 0.04

Note: Values in the same column having different superscript differ significantly (p < .05). Data expressed as Mean ± SE.

Figure 1. Hepatopancreas protease and lipase activity in the different experimental groups. Values in the same column having different superscript are significantly different. Data expressed as Mean ± SE. One unit of protease expressed as units micromoles of tyrosine released/min. One unit of lipase expressed as micromoles of p-nitrophenol released/min.

Figure 2. Hepatopancreas trypsin and chymotrypsin activity in the different experimental groups. Values in the same series having different superscript are significantly different. Data expressed as Mean ± SE. One unit of trypsin expressed as micromoles of p-nitroaniline released/min. One unit of chymotrypsin expressed as micromoles of benzoyl-tyrosine released/min.

Figure 3. Hepatopancreas amylase activity in the different experimental groups. Value having different superscript is significantly different. Data expressed as Mean ± SE. One unit of amylase expressed as micromoles of maltose released/min.

Figure 4. Hepatopancreas α Glucosidase and ß Glucosidase activity in the different experimental groups. Values having different superscript are significantly different. Data expressed as Mean ± SE. One unit of α Glucosidase expressed as micromoles of p-nitrophenol released/min. One unit of ß Glucosidase expressed as micromoles of p-nitrophenol released/min.

Figure 5. Hepatopancreas total free amino acid content (mg/g wet weight) in the different experimental groups. Values having different superscript are significantly different. Data expressed as Mean ± SE.

Figure 6. Histological micrographs of digestive gland tubules of P. homarus juveniles reared on different feeding regimes of fresh clam (transverse section-A, lateral section-B), starvation (transverse section-C, lateral section-D) and pelletized feed (transverse section E, lateral section F). Hypertrophy of B-cells (HB) in the group fed pellet feed (T3) can be observed both in pictures E and F. T3 also exhibits reduced lumen area (RL) due to thickening of the lumen wall and loses the typical ‘star shape’ (S), which is clearly observed in group fed with clam meat (A).