Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and organic selenium on growth dynamics, blood melanodialdehyde and paraoxonase in broilers exposed to heat stress

Figures & data

Table 1. Basal composition of feed during the starter and finisher phase.

	Starter	Finisher
Ingredients
Corn	53.21	60.75
Soybean meal	37.92	25.00
Corn gluten meal	2.00	7.10
Corn oil	2.20	2.80
Dicalcium phosphate	2.30	2.05
Limestone	0.83	0.68
Salt	0.45	0.50
VM Mix^a	0.50	0.50
DL-Methionine	0.20	0.10
Lysine-HCl	0.22	0.37
Threonine	0.11	0.10
Choline chloride	0.05	0.05
Chemical composition
ME, kcal/kg	3000	3150
Crude protein, %	23.5	21.30
Methionine, %	0.55	0.44
Lysine, %	1.42	1.23
Sulphur amino acids, %	0.96	0.80
Threonine, %	0.95	0.85
Calcium, %	1.05	0.90
Phosphorus, %	0.50	0.45

^aVitamin–mineral premix contains in the following per kg: vitamin A, 2,400,000 IU; vitamin D, 1,000,000 IU; vitamin E, 16,000 IU; vitamin K, 800 mg; vitamin B1, 600 mg; vitamin B₂, 1600 mg; vitamin B6, 1000 mg; vitamin B₁₂, 6 mg; niacin, 8000 mg; folic acid, 400 mg; pantothenic acid, 3000 mg; biotin 40 mg; antioxidant, 3000 mg; cobalt, 80 mg; copper, 2000 mg; iodine, 400; iron, 1200 mg; manganese, 18,000 mg; selenium, 60 mg; zinc, 14,000 mg.

Table 2. Ambient temperature and relative humidity during the experimental period.

Period(days)		Temperature (°C)	Relative humidity (%)
	Maximum	38.4	84.9
0–21	Minimum	32.3	65.3
	Average	36.0	73.5
	Maximum	39.6	88.7
22–42	Minimum	31.5	68.4
	Average	36.5	77.3
	Maximum	40.2	88.7
0–42	Minimum	32.6	65.3
	Average	37.0	75.4

AT, ambient temperature; RH, relative humidity.

Table 3. Mean feed intake (g) of broiler supplemented with ginger and selenium under heat-stressed condition.

Groups	Second week.	Third week.	Fourth week.	Fifth week.	Sixth week.	Overall mean
Control	307.00^b ± 3.21	560.33^c ± 5.23	712.33^b ± 6.48	905.59^d ± 3.1	965.00^b ± 2.88	3450.3^d ± 15.6
Ginger (5g/kg)	342^a ± 10.58	624.23^ab ± 9.67	765.33^a ± 2.90	966.00^bc ± 8.32	1055.0^a ± 2.88	3752.6^bc ± 16.27
Se (0.3 mg/kg)	347.67^a ± 7.68	618.43^b ± 11.65	761.00^a ± 24.70	952.19^c ± 13.94	1063.3^a ± 4.40	3742.6^c ± 25.36
Se (0.4 mg/kg)	336.67^a ± 6.66	643.33^ab ± 8.81	781.00^a ± 4.93	1010.1^a ± 11.42	1068.3^a ± 6.00	3839.5^a ± 10.52
Ginger 5 g/kg+ Se 0.3 mg/kg	335.33^a ± 2.40	645.00^a ± 2.88	785.00^a ± 2.88	955.00^bc ± 8.66	1068.3^a ± 4.40	3788.7^bc ± 13.38
Ginger 5 g/kg + Se 0.4 mg/kg	339.67^a ± 2.60	643.33^ab ± 8.81	768.33^a ± 4.40	983.33^ab ± 6.00	1060.0^a ± 5.77	3794.7^ab ± 7.53

Mean within the same column, with different superscripts, differ significantly (P < 0.05).

Table 4. Mean body weight gain in broiler chicks fed with different levels of organic selenium and ginger supplementation under natural heat stress.

Group	Second week	Third week	Fourth week	Fifth week	Sixth week	Overall
Control	225.00^b ± 5.13	276.26^c ± 5.19	349^d ± 5.50	384^c ± 3.80	495.00^b ± 5.77	174.3^d ±  11.35
Ginger (5 g/kg)	276.33^a ± 2.6	342^ab ± 6.11	414.00^c ± 6.24	448.67^b ± 7.21	515.00^a ± 2.88	1996.0^c  ± 4.58
Se (0.3 mg/kg)	279.33^a ± 4.4	357.67^b  ± 5.60	442.59^ab ± 12.6	485.00^a ± 5.77	513.33^a ± 3.33	2077.9^b  ± 26.99
Se (0.4 mg/kg)	282.67^a ± 1.66	369.33^ab ± 2.33	463.26^a ± 6.40	494.41^a ± 10.4	516.67^a ± 4.40	2126.3^a ± 4.97
Ginger 5 g/kg+ Se 0.3 mg/kg	276.00^a ± 2.08	366.00^a ± 3.78	430.33^bc ± 3.17	443.33^b ± 6.00	511.67^a ± 3.33	2027.3^c ± 6.22
Ginger 5 g/kg + Se 0.4 mg/kg	275.33^a ± 2.90	362.67^ab ± 1.45	446.67^ab ± 8.81	475.00^a ± 7.63	514.00^a ± 3.05	2073.7^b ± 9.73

Mean within the same column, with different superscripts, differ significantly (P < 0.05).

Table 5. Mean FCR, in broiler chicks fed with different levels of organic selenium and ginger supplementation under heat stress.

Group	Second week	Third week	Fourth week	Fifth week	Sixth week	Overall mean
Control	1.36^a ± 0.02	2.02^a ± 0.02	2.04^a ± 0.03	2.15^a ± 0.02	2.19^a ± 0.03	2.01^a ± 0.03
Ginger (5 g/kg)	1.23^b ± 0.04	1.92^b ± 0.01	1.94^b ± 0.03	1.99^c ± 0.01	2.04^b ± 5.87	1. 98^b ± 0.04
Se (0.3 mg/kg)	1.24^b ± 0.02	1.73^b ± 0.05	1.72^bc ± 0.07	2.12^b ± 0.04	2.07^b ± 0.02	1.91^d ± 0.01
Se (0.4 mg/kg)	1.19^b ± 0.02	1.74^b ± 0.01	1.68^c ± 0.01	2.04^bc ± 0.06	2.06^b ± 0.01	1.90^d ± 0.00
Ginger 5 g/kg + Se 0.3 mg/kg	1.21^b ± 0.01	1.76^b ± 0.01	1.82^b ± 0.01	2.15^b ± 0.02	2.08^b ± 0.01	1.95^c ± 0.02
Ginger 5 g/kg + Se 0.4 mg/kg	1.23^b ± 3.63	1.77^b ± 0.03	1.72^bc ± 0.04	2.07^bc ± 0.03	2.06^b ± 0.01	1.90^d ± 0.03.

Mean within the same column, with different superscripts, differ significantly (P < 0.05).

Table 6. Mean Dressing percentage, ND titre, MDA and PON1 in broiler chicks, fed with different levels of organic selenium and ginger supplementation under heat stress.

Group	Dressing percentage	ND Titre	MDA (nmol/ml)	PON 1 (µ/ml)
Control	63.31^d ±  0.52	214.33^c  ± 0.33	7.75.07^a ± 0.05	10.91^c ± 0.041
Ginger (5 g/kg)	64.89^c ± 0.02	211.15^ab ± 0.04	6.51^b ± 0.09	12.71^ab ± 0.26
Se (0.3 mg/kg)	65.39^c ±  0.09	226.11^b  ± 0.01	6.62^b ± 0.05	12.36^b ± 0.15
Se (0.4 mg/kg)	66.73^b ± 0.06	224.14^ab  ± 0.01	6.57^b ± 0.03	12.44^b ± 0.06
Ginger 5 g/kg + Se 0.3 mg/kg	67.50^a ±  0.06	232.54^a ± 0.02	6.29^c ± 0.06	13.06^a ± 0.13
Ginger 5 g/kg + Se 0.4 mg/kg	67.55^a ± 0.04	245.54^a  ± 0.03.	6.28^c ± 0.07	13.06^a ± 0.13

Mean within the same column, with different superscripts, differ significantly (P < 0.05).