The effects of replacing corn with low-tannin sorghum in broiler’s diet on growth performance, nutrient digestibilities, lipid peroxidation and gene expressions related to growth and antioxidative properties

Figures & data

Table 1 . Composition of the experimental diet*.

Ingredient	Basal diet	Sorghum diets
	0%	25%	50%	100%
	————- g/kg diet ————-
Yellow Corn	566	425	287	–
Sorghum	–	143	283	566
Soybean meal, 46%	346	344	342	346
Corn oil	50.2	50.2	50.2	50.2
CaHPO4	20	20	20	20
DL-Methionine	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2
CaCo3	6.6	6.6	6.6	6.6
Vitamins and minerals mixture^1	5	5	5	5
Nacl	5	5	5	5
Nutrient composition (calculated values)
Metabolizable energy, Mcal/kg	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2
Crude protein, %	19.60	19.62	19.62	19.64
Calcium, %	1.10	1.11	1.11	1.12
Total phosphorus, %	0.80	0.81	0.81	0.82
Sodium, %	0.261	0.262	0.262	0.263
Chloride, %	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25

¹The mixture minerals supplied (mg/kg feed) of iron sulfate, 400; copper sulfate, 31.5; zinc sulfate, 176; manganese sulfate, 152; sodium iodate, 0.55; sodium selenite, 0.27. The mixture vitamins supplied (mg/kg feed): retinol, 1.4; DL-α-tocopherol acetate, 6.5; thiamine hydrochloride, 2.6; riboflavin, 6.5; pyridoxine hydrochloride, 1.30; calcium D-pantothenate, 10.4; nicotinic acid, 26; (mg/kg feed): menadione sodium bisulfite, 650; D-biotin, 70; choline chloride, 780; pteroylglutamic acid, 520; cyanocobalamin, 26; cholecalciferol, 13. *The basal diet fed to the chicks was formulated to meet the NRC (1984) recommendations for broiler chickens.

Table 2. The effects of replacing corn with low-tannin sorghum in broiler diets on growth performance, nutrients digestibilities and internal organ weights in broilers.

Item	Treatments				SEM	P-values
	100% corn + 0% sorghum	75% corn + 25% sorghum	50% corn + 50% sorghum	0% corn + 100% sorghum
Initial body weight, g	412	412	412	412	4	0.942
Final body weight, g	1064.9^b	1230^a	1264.7^a	1233.7^a	34.5	0.032
Body weight gain, g/12 day	652.9^b	818.0^a	852.7^a	821.7^a	32.8	0.021
Feed intake, g/12 day	1103^b	1342^a	1323^a	1334^a	19.3	0.032
Feed conversion ratio, g gain/g feed (12d)	1.69	1.64	1.55	1.62	0.075	0.672
Nitrogen digestibility, %	61.2	66.5	67.9	62.9	1.7	0.878
Metabolizability, %	65.9	67.6	68.6	68.1	1.3	0.889
Ash digestibility, %	34.4	37.3	39.0	32.5	12.6	0.657
Organ weight, % body weight
Breast muscle	16.0	17.1	17.2	17.1	0.525	0.645
Thigh muscle	16.7	17.1	17.6	17.4	0.525	0.621
Abdominal fat	0.67^b	0.83^ab	0.94^a	0.65^b	0.0683	0.050
Liver	1.8	1.91	1.73	1.82	0.048	0.643
Intestine	5.2	4.9	5.3	5.3	0.25	0.723

^a-c Means within the same row with different superscripts differ (P < 0.05). Results are presented as means ± SEM (n = 7).

Table 3. The effects of replacing corn with low-tannin sorghum in broiler diets on plasma concentrations of TG, TC and HDL-C, glucose, GOT, total protein and T3.

Item	Treatments				SEM	P-values
	100% corn + 0% sorghum	75% corn + 25% sorghum	50% corn + 50% sorghum	0% corn + 100% sorghum
TG, mg/dL	29.1^a	25.6^ab	21.1^b	23.4^ab	1.78	0.05
TC, mg/dL	140.3^a	131.6^b	129.6^b	120.3^c	1.77	0.013
HDL-C, mg/dL	81.9	87.6	91.1	91.9	2.35	0.674
Glucose, mg/dL	201.9	204.3	216.4	175.6	10.8	0.782
GOT, I/U	246	241	250	243	8	0.884
Total protein, mg/dL	2.46	2.60	2.49	2.34	0.138	0.739
T3, mg/dL	5.7	5.2	6.3	5.9	0.25	0.884

^a-c Means within the same row with different superscripts differ (P < 0.05). Results are presented as means ± SEM (n = 7).

Triglyceride (TG); Total Cholesterol (TC); High Density Lipoprotein (HDL); Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT); Triiodothyronine concentration (T3).

Table 4. The effects of replacing corn with low-tannin sorghum in broiler diets on TBATS, α-tocopherol and total fat content in breast muscle.

Breast muscle	Treatments				SEM	P-values
	100% corn + 0% sorghum	75% corn + 25% sorghum	50% corn + 50% sorghum	0% corn + 100% sorghum
TBARS, nmol MDA/g	14.5^a	6.8^b	5.3^b	7.5^b	0.925	0.004
α-Tocopherol, mg/100 g	0.304	0.360	0.378	0.360	0.0323	0.212
Total fat, g/100g muscle	0.793^b	1.151^ab	1.427^a	1.081^ab	0.108	0.048

^a-c Means within the same row with different superscripts differ (P < 0.05). Results are presented as means ± SEM (n = 6).

TBARS, ThioBarbituric Acid Reactive Substance.

Figure 1 . The effects of replacing corn with low-tannin sorghum in broiler diets on relative expression of IGF (A), β-Actin (B), ACC (C), FAS (D), SOD (E) and GPX (F) contents in pectoral superficial muscle. Values are means with standard errors represented by vertical bars. The values are means for six samples and each sample was repeated three times. (a–c) Mean values with unlike letters were significantly different (P < 0.05).

NRC . 1984. Nutrient requirements of poultry. 8th Rev. ed. Washington, DC : National Academy Press.

 Google Scholar