The effects of microencapsulated garlic (Allium sativum) extract on growth performance, body composition, immune response and antioxidant status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles

Figures & data

Table 1. Growth performance and feed efficiency of rainbow trout fed diets supplemented with microencapsulated garlic extract different levels.

Parameters	G0	G1	G2	G3	G4
FW (g)	46.53 ± 3.56^b	47.25 ± 2.19^b	51.76 ± 4.29^ab	55.87 ± 3.91^a	54.37 ± 3.70^a
FL (cm)	15.90 ± 0.69^b	15.98 ± 0.44^b	16.51 ± 0.66^ab	17.34 ± 0.51^a	17.10 ± 0.73^a
ADG (%)	83.70 ± 8.91^b	85.51 ± 5.49^b	96.76 ± 10.73^ab	107.06 ± 9.79^a	103.31 ± 9.27^a
SGR (% day^−1)	3.17 ± 0.19^b	3.21 ± 0.11^b	3.43 ± 0.20^ab	3.63 ± 0.17^a	3.56 ± 0.17^a
CF (%)	1.15 ± 0.08^a	1.15 ± 0.06^a	1.14 ± 0.06^a	1.07 ± 0.06^a	1.08 ± 0.07^a
FCR	1.31 ± 0.18^a	1.19 ± 0.09^ab	1.00 ± 0.11^b	0.99 ± 0.10^b	1.00 ± 0.07^b
FCE	77.25 ± 10.45^c	84.24 ± 6.77^bc	100.3 ± 11.41^ab	101.78 ± 10.76^a	99.66 ± 7.49^ab
PER	1.10 ± 0.08^b	1.12 ± 0.05^b	1.23 ± 0.10^ab	1.33 ± 0.09^a	1.29 ± 0.08^a
LER	3.10 ± 0.23^b	3.15 ± 0.14^b	3.45 ± 0.28^ab	3.72 ± 0.26^a	3.62 ± 0.24^a
HSI	2.05 ± 0.56^a	2.00 ± 0.46^a	2.12 ± 0.25^a	1.81 ± 0.18^a	1.99 ± 0.37^a
VSI	13.16 ± 4.82^a	12.80 ± 4.93^a	11.58 ± 1.81^a	11.62 ± 1.73^a	11.55 ± 2.22^a
ACW (g)	39.26 ± 4.21^b	40.23 ± 2.95^b	44.49 ± 3.74^ab	47.78 ± 3.94^a	46.97 ± 3.62^a
Survival (%)	100	100	100	100	100

Data are expressed as mean ± SD of three replicate tanks. Mean values with different superscripts are significantly different. The significance level is defined as P < 0.05 (Duncan’ test).

Table 2. Whole body composition (%) of the rainbow trout fed diets supplemented with microencapsulated garlic extract at different levels.

Parameters	G0	G1	G2	G3	G4
Dry Matter	23.56 ± 0.22^cd	25.66 ± 0.39^a	23.14 ± 0.14^d	24.33 ± 0.21^bc	24.89 ± 0.75^ab
Crude Protein (%)	64.92 ± 0.38^abc	64.05 ± 0.58^c	65.23 ± 0.40^ab	65.89 ± 0.15^a	64.17 ± 0.35^bc
Crude Lipid (%)	23.52 ± 0.47^a	23.39 ± 0.47^a	23.13 ± 0.26^a	21.94 ± 0.16^b	23.40 ± 0.32^a
Fiber (%)	0.76 ± 0.03^b	0.59 ± 0.02^c	0.63 ± 0.04^bc	1.03 ± 0.09^a	0.71 ± 0.02^bc
Ash	10.69 ± 0.32^bc	11.33 ± 0.18^a	10.25 ± 0.29^c	10.46 ± 0.19^c	11.13 ± 0.14^ab

Data are expressed as mean ± SD of three replicate tanks. Mean values with different superscripts are significantly different. The significance level is defined as P<0.05 (Duncan’ test; n=9).

Table 3. Plasma biochemical and immune parameters of rainbow trout fed diets supplemented with microencapsulated garlic extract at different levels.

Parameters	G0	G1	G2	G3	G4
Glucose (mg/dl)	129.00 ± 4.38^b	124.61 ± 3.15^bc	117.82 ± 2.97^c	109.21 ± 6.01^d	139.02 ± 2.63^a
Total Protein (g/dl)	2.93 ± 0.06^b	3.07 ± 0.14^b	3.42 ± 0.07^a	3.34 ± 0.04^a	3.03 ± 0.08^b
Albumin (g/dl)	1.22 ± 0.04^b	1.24 ± 0.01^b	1.30 ± 0.02^a	1.31 ± 0.01^a	1.27 ± 0.03^ab
Lysozyme (u/ml)	25.49 ± 1.79^c	35.7 ± 1.53^a	36.89 ± 0.81^a	32.6 ± 2.37^b	31.13 ± 1.04^b
ALP (u/l)	934.50 ± 16.62^a	524.92 ± 38.56^c	766.41 ± 32.42^b	542.22 ± 38.38^c	809.55 ± 17.77^b
AST (u/l)	689.70 ± 18.16^a	421.26 ± 11.70^d	561.84 ± 13.98^c	369.49 ± 15.30^e	605.36 ± 17.62^b
ALT (u/l)	22.60 ± 1.29^a	14.08 ± 1.89^c	16.88 ± 0.45^b	10.14 ± 0.33^d	16.02 ± 1.02^bc

Data are expressed as mean ± SD of three replicate tanks. Mean values with different superscripts are significantly different. The significance level is defined as P < 0.05 (Duncan’ test; n=9).

Table 4. Plasma antioxidant enzyme activity of rainbow trout fed with experimental diets supplemented with microencapsulated garlic extract at different levels.

Parameters	G0	G1	G2	G3	G4
SOD (µmol/l)	48.26 ± 2.92^c	53.28 ± 2.69^b	58.64 ± 3.49^a	62.10 ± 1.54^a	59.63 ± 2.08^a
Catalase (u/ml)	110.87 ± 2.94^c	137.16 ± 2.49^ab	141.98 ± 2.06^a	133.22 ± 3.98^b	134.37 ± 3.62^b
MDA (µmol/l)	101.89 ± 4.77^a	80.25 ± 3.76^b	66.50 ± 4.24^c	79.24 ± 3.31^b	84.80 ± 3.21^b

Data are expressed as mean ± SD of three replicate tanks. Mean values with different superscripts are significantly different. The significance level is defined as P < 0.05 (Duncan’ test; n=9).