Effects of Bacillus licheniformis derived-protease supplementation, alone or in combination, with valine to low protein diet on growth performance and carcass quality grade in growing-finishing pigs

Figures & data

Table 1. Composition of the experimental growing-finishing pig diets (as-fed basis).

Item	Growing (0–6 weeks)		Finishing (6–17 weeks)
	CON	PROT	CON	PROT
Ingredients %
Corn	34.73	36.64	38.31	40.24
Wheat	15.00	15.00	15.00	15.00
Rice	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00
Soybean meal	21.19	19.31	15.94	14.06
Canola meal	4.00	4.00	5.00	5.00
Sesameseed meal	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00
Palm kernel meal	2.00	2.00	3.00	3.00
Yellow grease	4.60	4.50	4.40	4.30
Molasses	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00
Limestone	1.21	1.21	1.15	1.15
MDCP	0.60	0.63	0.54	0.56
Salt	0.32	0.32	0.30	0.30
DL-methionine	0.09	0.08	0.07	0.06
L-lysine HCL	0.50	0.50	0.51	0.51
L-threonine	0.10	0.10	0.11	0.10
L-tryptophan	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.02
L-valine
Vit/Min premix^a	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20
Phytase	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05
Protease		0.05		0.05
Others	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40
Calculated composition
Moisture	12.19	12.22	12.19	12.23
CP	17.56	16.83	15.89	15.15
Ether extract	7.29	7.23	7.34	7.27
Crude fibre	2.75	2.72	2.81	2.77
Crude ash	5.37	5.30	5.03	4.95
Starch and sugar	43.27	44.15	44.89	45.80
NDF	10.23	10.21	10.83	10.81
Calcium	0.74	0.74	0.70	0.70
Dig. phosphorus	0.28	0.28	0.26	0.26
NE swine	10.35	10.35	10.35	10.35
SID lysine	0.99	0.95	0.89	0.84
SID Met + Cys	0.58	0.56	0.53	0.50
SID threonine	0.63	0.60	0.58	0.54
SID tryptophan	0.18	0.17	0.17	0.16
SID valine	0.69	0.66	0.62	0.59

Notes: CON, Basal diet; PROT, low protein diet with 0.05% protease; PROTV, low protein diet with 0.05% protease and 0.08% valine.

^a Provided per kg of complete diet: 6500 IU vitamin A, 950 IU vitamin D₃, 27 IU vitamin E, 2.0 mg vitamin K₃, 3.6 mg vitamin B₂, 1.3 mg vitamin B₆, 15 mg pantothenic acid, 26.0 mg niacin and 0.03 mg biotin; 50 mg Mn (as MnO₂), 70 mg Zn (as ZnO), 54 mg Cu (as CuSO₄·5H₂O), 0.5 mg I (as Ca(IO₃)₂), 0.5 mg Co (as Co₂O₃·7H₂O), and 0.25 mg Se (as Na₂SeO₃·5H₂O).

Table 2. Effect of protease alone, and in combination with valine supplementation in low protein diet on growth performance in growing-finishing pigs.

Items	CON	PROT	PROTV	SEM^a	p-value
BW, kg
Initial	22.56	22.55	22.56	0.002	0.763
Week 6	52.34	52.91	53.18	0.39	0.314
Week 17	113.49	114.75	116.49	1.33	0.295
Week 6
ADG, g	709	723	729	9.27	0.312
ADFI, g	1600	1632	1625	20.00	0.500
G:F	0.443	0.443	0.449	0.003	0.377
Week 17
ADG, g	794	803	822	12.77	0.297
ADFI, g	2664	2631	2655	36.80	0.810
G:F	0.298^c	0.305^bc	0.310^b	0.002	0.011
Overall
ADG, g	764	775	789	11.16	0.291
ADFI, g	2289	2278	2291	29.14	0.948
G:F	0.334^c	0.340b^bc	0.345^b	0.002	0.010

Notes: CON, Basal diet; PROT, low protein diet with 0.05% protease; PROTV, low protein diet with 0.05% protease and 0.08% valine.

Values represent the means of 12 pens with 5 pigs per pen (n = 60) per treatment for body weight, and 12 pens (n = 12) per treatment for ADG, ADFI and F:G ratio.

^a Standard error of means.

^b,c Means in the same row with different superscript differ significantly (p < 0.05).

Table 3. Effect of protease and valine supplementation in low protein diet on nutrient digestibility in growing-finishing pigs.

Items, %	CON	PROT	PROTV	SEM^a	p-value
Week 6
DM	78.85	79.27	79.83	0.71	0.621
Crude protein	78.29	78.98	78.85	0.88	0.840
Energy	78.46	79.43	79.55	0.78	0.570
Week 17
DM	71.17	71.99	72.46	0.62	0.356
Crude protein	70.88	71.86	72.16	0.81	0.519
Energy	71.07	71.76	72.77	0.67	0.235

CON, Basal diet; PROT, low protein diet with 0.05% protease; PROTV, low protein diet with 0.05% protease and 0.08% valine.

Values represent the means of 12 pens (n = 12) per treatment.

^a Standard error of means.

Table 4. Effect of protease and valine supplementation in low protein diet on carcass quality grade in growing-finishing pigs.

Items	CON	PROT	PROTV	SEM^a	p-value
Carcass weight, kg	91.1	91.3	91.0	0.7	0.967
Backfat thickness, mm	18.7	18.9	19.1	0.4	0.787
Carcass quality grade	1.92	2.00	2.07	0.10	0.592

Notes: CON, Basal diet; PROT, low protein diet with 0.05% protease; PROTV, low protein diet with 0.05% protease and 0.08% valine.

Values represent the means of 12 pens with 2 pigs per pen (n = 24) per treatment.

Carcass quality grade: grade 1⁺ = 3, grade 1 = 2, and grade 2 = 1.

^a Standard error of means.