Effect of dietary supplementation with linseed and organic selenium on plasma metabolic parameters in Holstein dairy cows

Figures & data

Table 1. Ingredients and chemical composition of the diet supplemented with linseed, alone, or in combination with organic selenium.

	Control	Linseed	Linseed + Selenium
Ingredients of the concentrate, %
Linseed	–	19	19
Barley	12.2	17.5	17.5
Corn	50	45	45
Soy toasted	25.5	8	8
Wheat bran	4.5	–	–
Sunflower cake	2	4	4
Limestone	2	2	2
Urea (Benural)	0.5	1	1
Premix for cows	0.5	0.5	0.5
Salt	2	2	2
Phosphonal	0.8	1	1
Selenium	0.3^a	0.3^a	0.3^b
NEL MJ/kg DM	8.04	7.43	7.45
Chemical composition of the TMR
Dry matter, %	36.5	36.4	36
Crude fibre (CF)	22.4	19.5	20.7
Crude protein (CP)	15.8	16.3	16.4
Ash	7.8	8.9	8.6
Ether extract	2.1	2.3	2
NFE	51.9	53.0	52.3

NFE – Nitrogen-free extract – consisting of carbohydrates, sugars, starches and hemicellulose; TMR – total mixed ratio.

^a Sodium selenite.

^b B-Traxim^® (Pancosma, Switzerland).

Table 2. Plasma metabolic parameters in dairy cows fed total mixed ration supplemented with linseed and organic selenium during the experimental period.

Parameters	Days relative to parturition													P-value
	−10			1			21			42
	C	LS	Ls + Se	C	LS	Ls + Se	C	LS	Ls + Se	C	LS	Ls + Se	SEM^1	Day	Diet	Day x Diet
Protein and energy
Total protein (g/L)	52.0	49.3	50.3	48.8	45.8	51.8	56.5	53.0	58.7	61.2	55.1	56.2	0.95	0.004	0.214	0.354
Albumin (g/L)	25.3	24.6	23.2	25.4	25.6	26.7	26.7	24.9	26.7	26.2	25.8	28.2	0.44	0.345	0.684	0.852
Globulin (g/L)	26.7	22.6	21.9	23.4	20.1	25.1	25.6	28.1	32.0	35.0	25.1	28.0	0.95	0.044	0.191	0.109
Urea (mmol/L)	1.90	2.48	2.08	3.98	2.95	3.89	3.80	3.11	4.82	3.88	4.23	4.85	0.15	0.001	0.027	0.102
Glucose (mmol/L)	2.53	2.18	2.15	2.14	1.97	2.38	1.80	1.90	2.05	2.03	2.22	1.90	0.06	0.134	0.904	0.378
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	0.29	0.24	0.22	0.16	0.13	0.15	0.18	0.06	0.08	0.16	0.14	0.13	0.01	0.001	0.040	0.701
NEFA (mmol/L)	0.07	0.33	0.14	1.01	0.71	0.62	0.41	0.38	0.20	0.34	0.13	0.13	0.05	0.001	0.239	0.611
BHB (mmol/L)	0.30	0.39	0.32	0.57	0.74	0.55	0.60	0.55	0.48	0.48	0.50	0.45	0.03	0.003	0.199	0.725
Lactate (mmol/L)	2.82	1.93	2.01	1.79	2.28	1.63	2.05	1.22	1.48	1.46	1.09	1.16	0.11	0.007	0.041	0.156
Enzymes and hepatic
AST (U/L)	28.4	26.2	23.9	43.4	40.5	41.0	43.0	48.0	46.2	39.6	55.1	39.9	1.56	0.001	0.329	0.419
ALT (U/L)	10.8	11.1	8.4	8.0	9.2	10.4	9.8	10.4	10.3	10.2	13.7	11.2	0.40	0.187	0.349	0.555
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.94	1.83	1.85	1.41	1.54	1.57	2.97	2.98	2.76	3.51	4.02	3.67	0.12	0.001	0.648	0.842
HDL (mmol/L)	1.51	1.43	1.47	1.10	1.21	1.21	2.22	2.12	2.11	2.58	2.59	2.76	0.08	0.001	0.886	0.949
LDL (mmol/L)	0.30	0.28	0.27	0.24	0.27	0.28	0.67	0.83	0.61	0.86^a	1.37^b	0.85^a	0.04	0.001	0.003	0.009
Mineral
Ca^2+ (mmol/L)	2.07	2.00	1.93	1.72	1.69	1.89	2.08	1.97	2.09	2.03	1.93	2.13	0.03	0.001	0.249	0.667
Pi (mmol/L)	1.50	1.51	1.36	1.33	1.26	1.33	1.51	1.51	1.66	1.40	1.51	1.49	0.03	0.084	0.952	0.868
Na^+ (mmol/L)	141.2	140.5	140.7	141.1	144.3	142.1	136.6	140.2	139.2	133.8	140.7	135.7	0.45	0.001	0.003	0.149
K^+ (mmol/L)	4.32	4.21	4.44	4.29	4.25	4.12	4.17	4.20	4.16	4.31	4.23	4.17	0.03	0.532	0.809	0.811
Cl^− (mmol/L)	99.3	99.0	99.7	98.6	100.3	100.1	90.7	97.8	96.9	93.8	97.0	93.3	0.55	0.001	0.052	0.231
Fe^3+ (µmol/L)	18.0	18.3	19.0	12.5	12.2	13.0	15.4	16.0	19.4	11.7	14.1	18.2	0.71	0.022	0.172	0.895

C: Control group; LS: Linseed group; LS + Se – Linseed + Selenium group; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; NEFA: non-esterified fatty acids; BHB: β-hydroxybutyrate.

¹ Pooled SEM.

^a,b Values with different letters on a given day differ significantly at P <0.05.

Figure 1. Some metabolic parameters in dairy cows fed total mixed ration supplemented with linseed and organic selenium during the experimental period (C – Control group; LS – Linseed group; LS + Se – Linseed + Selenium group; a, b – values with different letters differ significantly at P <0.05).

Figure 2. Protein and energy parameters in plasma of dairy cows during the experimental period (NEFA – non-esterified fatty acids; BHB – β-hydroxybutyrate).

Figure 3. Enzymes and hepatic parameters in plasma of dairy cows during the experimental period (AST – aspartate aminotransferase; ALT – alanine aminotransferase; LDL – Low-density lipoprotein; HDL – high-density lipoprotein).

Figure 4. Mineral parameters in plasma of dairy cows during the experimental period.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, M.Đ., upon reasonable request.