Effects of dietary inclusion of Moringa oleifera methanolic extract on productive performance, humoral immunity and nutrient digestibility in Japanese quails

Figures & data

Table 1. Dietary composition of broiler chickens during finisher diet.

Ingredient (%)	Percent availability
Yellow corn	59.12
Soybean meal	23.45
Palm oil	2.96
Corn gluten meal	5.5
Wheat bran	3.1
Dicalcium phosphate	2.10
Ground limestone	0.64
Choline chloride	0.04
DL-methionine	0.080
L-lysine	0.37
Salt	0.1
Threonine	0.16
Vitamins- minerals premix (standard level)	0.50
Analyses
ME, kcal/kg	3995
Crude protein, %	22.5
Non phytate P, %	0.46
Calcium, %	0.95
D. Lysine, %	1.25
D. Methionine, %	0.65
Sulphur amino acids, %	0.91
Threonine, %	0.84

Table 2. Mean feed intake (g) in broilers fed with different levels of methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOLE).

Groups	Starter phase	Finisher phase	Overall
MOLE-0	152.75$\pm$1.05	376.38$\pm 9.41$	529.12$\pm$9.12
MOLE-1	150.74$\pm 1.35$	363.72$\pm$13.98	514.46$\pm$14.84
MOLE-2	151.89$\pm$1.36	360.00$\pm$19.99	511.89$\pm$20.61
MOLE-3	152.08$\pm$1.25	363.97$\pm 9.94$	516.05$\pm$11.07
P value	0.3355	0.5368	0.5120

Means in the same column with different superscripts are statistically different (P < 0.05).

MOLE represents methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera; 100–300 mg per litre of drinking water.

Table 3. Mean weight gain (g) in broilers fed with different levels of methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOLE).

Groups	Starter phase	Finisher phase	Overall
MOLE-0	69.87^c$\pm 1.3$3	120.47^d$\pm$0.53	190.35^d$\pm 0.91$
MOLE-1	70.95^bc$\pm$0.99	125.17^c$\pm$2.00	196.13^c$\pm$2.59
MOLE-2	72.29^bc$\pm 1.32$	129.80^b$\pm 0.90$	202.09^b$\pm 1.69$
MOLE-3	76.43^a$\pm$1.03	133.80^a$\pm$1.03	210.24^a$\pm 1.88$
P value	0.0007	0.0000	0.0000

Means in the same column with different superscripts are statistically different (P < 0.05).

MOLE represents methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera; 100–300 mg per litre of drinking water.

Table 4. Mean feed conversion ratio in broilers fed with different levels of methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOLE).

Groups	Starter phase	Finisher phase	Overall
MOLE-0	2.19^a$\pm 0.0$3	3.12^a$\pm 0.07$	2.78^a$\pm 0.0$5
MOLE-1	2.13^ab$\pm$0.04	2.91^b$\pm 0.07$	2.62^b$\pm 0.0$5
MOLE-2	2.10^b$\pm$0.0558	2.77^b$\pm 0.1$4	2.53^bc$\pm 0.09$
MOLE-3	2.00^c$\pm$0.0215	2.79^b$\pm$0.04	2.45^c$\pm 0.0$4
P value	0.0021	0.0035	0.0009

Means in the same column with different superscripts are statistically different (P < 0.05).

MOLE represents methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera; 100–300 mg per litre of drinking water.

Table 5. Mean dressing percentage and mortality in broilers fed with different levels of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOLE).

Groups	Dressing Percentage	Mortality	Antibody titre (Log10)
MOLE-0	67.80^d$\pm 0.34$	1.00$\pm 0.00$	3.33^c$\pm$0.58
MOLE-1	69.06^c$\pm 0.74$	0.67$\pm$0.58	4.33^b$\pm$0.58
MOLE-2	70.19^b$\pm 0.18$	0.33$\pm 0.58$	4.67^b$\pm$0.58
MOLE-3	71.62^a$\pm 0.55$	0.00$\pm 0.00$	6.00^a$\pm$0.00
P value	0.0001	0.0770	0.0013

Means in the same column with different superscripts are statistically different (P < 0.05).

MOLE represents methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera; 100–300 mg per litre of drinking water.

Table 6. Mean immune organ index in quails fed with different levels of methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOLE).

Groups	Thymus	Spleen	Bursa
MOLE-0	0.28c ± 0.01	0.08^d$\pm$0.01	0.10^c$\pm$0.02
MOLE-1	0.32^b$\pm$0.03	0.11^c$\pm$0.02	0.12^b$\pm$ 0.05
MOLE-2	0.35^a$\pm$0.01	0.12^b$\pm$0.01	0.14^a$\pm$0.01
MOLE-3	0.36^a$\pm$0.00	0.14^a$\pm$0.03	0.15^a$\pm$0.01
P value	0.0000	0.0001	0.0003

α =  0.05, means in the same column with different superscripts are substantially different.

MOLE represents methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera; 100–300 mg per litre of drinking water.

Table 7. Nutrient digestibility in quails fed with different levels of methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOLE).

Groups	DM %	Ash %	CP %	EE %	CF %	NFE %
MOLE-0	66.70^c$\pm 0.94$	18.54$\pm 1.63$	52.63^b$\pm$1.15	80.36$\pm 0.42$	24.15$\pm 2.04$	74.48$\pm$1.14
MOLE-1	66.85^c$\pm 0.67$	20.86$\pm$1.51	55.68^b$\pm$0.95	81.15$\pm 1.45$	24.77$\pm 2.51$	74.57$\pm 1.20$
MOLE-2	69.46^b$\pm 0.93$	20.86$\pm$1.65	57.71^b$\pm$5.12	81.46$\pm 0.61$	24.87$\pm 2.09$	75.86$\pm 1.33$
MOLE-3	72.36^a$\pm 1.36$	21.15$\pm$1.18	64.08^a$\pm$3.48	81.76$\pm 1.20$	25.86$\pm 5.09$	75.92$\pm 2.30$
P value	0.0004	0.1926	0.0130	0.4187	0.9282	0.5435

Means in the same column with different superscripts are statistically different (P < 0.05).

MOLE represents methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera; 100–300 mg per litre of drinking water.