Gendered barriers and opportunities in Kenya's informal dairy sector: enhancing gender-equity in urban markets

Figures & data

Table 1. Sampling framework for focus group discussions.

FGD type	Participant selection criteria	Number of participants
Women FGD 1 and 2	Licensed/not licensed Operated from shop, milk bar, ATM^a or had no premises Sourced milk from producer, broker, dairy cooperative, or distributor	13
Women FGD 3	Former traders (milk traders who left the sector)	9
Total women involved in FGDs		22
Men FGD 1 and 2	Licensed/not licensed Operated from shop, milk bar, ATM or had no premises Sourced milk from producer, broker, dairy cooperative, or distributor	12
Men FGD 3	Former traders (milk traders who left the sector)	8
Total men involved in FGDs		20

^aSmall premises that sell milk through a refrigerated dispenser which resembles an ATM that dispenses money. Such machines are operated by a vendor, even if their name implies otherwise.

Table 2. Sampling framework for semi-structured individual interviews.

Selection criteria	Number of women	Number of men
Current trader (recruited to include a minimum of 2 men and 2 women in each of the following categories) Licensed: yes or no Type of business: shop, milk bar, ATM, had no premises Milk source: producer, broker, dairy cooperative, or distributor	23	20
Former traders (milk traders who left the sector)	4	2
Total	27	22

Table 3. Sampling framework for key informant interviews.

Selection criteria	Women (n)	Men (n)
Long-term involvement in milk trading	1	2
Senior members of a large dairy trader group	0	2
Total	1	3^a

^aOne individual had both characteristics.

Table 4. Overview of the milk trading value chain.

Role in milk trading	Milk producer
	Broker: buys from producers and sells in bulk to retailers or distributors
	Distributor: buys bulk quantities from brokers and producers and sells to retailers
	Retailer: sells milk to consumers for daily use
Type of retailer	Small shop: sells milk with multiple commodities, 0–2 employees
	Large shop: sells milk with multiple commodities, 2+ employees
	Milk bar: small premises that sells milk only
	ATM: small premises that sells milk through a refrigerated dispenser
	ATM in a small or large shop
	Retailer without premises: sells on the road in a fixed location or is mobile
	Small shop: sells milk with multiple commodities, 0–2 employees
	Large shop: sells milk with multiple commodities, 2+ employees
Role in retail business	Employee
	Business owner
Type of premise	Owned premises
	Rented premises
	No premises

Source: authors’ elaboration.

Table 5. Characteristics of participants in focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews.

Characteristic	Current traders		Former traders
	Women (n = 38)	Men (n = 34)	Women (n = 12)	Men (n = 11)
Education
None	1	2	0	0
Primary	15	7	1	4
Secondary	17	13	10	4
Tertiary	5	11	1	3
Not available	0	1	0	0
Licensed
Yes	14	24	4	7
No	24	10	8	4
Marital status
Married	29	26	11	10
Single	8	8	1	1
Separated	1	0	0	0
Type of business^a
Small shop	21	9	4	1
Large shop	0	4	0	1
Milk bar	4	8	1	2
ATM	3	1	0	0
ATM in a small or large shop	1	2	0	0
Retailer without premises	8	5	0	5
Not available	1	5	7	2
Role in value chain^a
Broker	1	2	0	2
Broker & distributor	0	2	2	0
Broker & retailer	0	1	2	0
Distributor	0	1	4	0
Producer & retailer	4	3	0	0
Retailer	33	24	4	9
Type of premises^a
Rented	23	17	2	2
Owned	1	2	0	0
Not applicable	10	13	6	6
Not available	4	3	3	3
Source of milk^a
Broker	20	8	4	0
Broker/own farm/dairy cooperative	0	1	0	0
Dairy cooperative	6	3	0	0
Producers	3	16	8	11
Producer, broker	4	1	0	0
Producer, dairy cooperative	1	1	0	0
Own farm	4	4	0	0
Average liters of milk handled daily	33.8	132	Not applicable

^aSee Table 4 for definitions of each category.

Figure 1. The gendered milk trading value chain experienced by study participants in peri-urban Nairobi (source: authors’ elaboration).