Quality assessment of volunteered geographic information for outdoor activities: an analysis of OpenStreetMap data for names of peaks in Japan

Figures & data

Figure 1. Distribution of matched OSM-NM data (N = 6903).

Table 1. Evaluation of positional accuracy.

Class Interval	Frequency (%)
[−0.5, 0.0)	5929 (85.9)
[0.0, 0.5)	531 (7.7)
[0.5, 1.0)	127 (1.8)
[1.0, 1.5)	55 (0.8)
[1.5, 2.0)	46 (0.7)
[2.0,2.5)	28 (0.4)
[2.5, 3.0)	28 (0.4)
≥3.0	159 (2.3)
Total	6,903 (100.0)

Note: mean = 19.13 m, std. deviation = 54.34 m.

Table 2. Evaluation of thematic accuracy.

Case	Frequency (%)
Consistent	6576 (95.3)
Inconsistent	327 (4.7)
Total	6903 (100.0)

Table 3. Examinations of trust indicators for securing VGI data quality

(a) Positional Accuracy		(b) Thematic Accuracy
1. The Whole Dataset (N = 6903)		1. The Whole Dataset (N = 6903)
Partial Regression Coefficient		Partial Regression Coefficient
Versions	20.595***	Versions	0.877***
Users	−2.730	Users	0.083***
Confirmations	2.746	Confirmations	−0.014*
Tag Corrections	−5.051*	Tag Corrections	−1.017***
Rollbacks	−1.503	Rollbacks	0.496***
Adj. R2	0.115***	Adj. R2	0.953***
2. Consistent Case (N = 6,460)		2. Consistent Case (N = 6,576)
Partial Regression Coefficient		Partial Regression Coefficient
Versions	6.908***	Versions	0.990***
Users	1.232*	Users	0.009***
Confirmations	−0.045	Confirmations	0.001
Tag Corrections	−6.036***	Tag Corrections	−0.991***
Rollbacks	2.545***	Rollbacks	0.475***
Adj. R2	0.555***	Adj. R2	0.997***
3. Inconsistent Case (N = 443)		3. Inconsistent Case (N = 327)
Partial Regression Coefficient		Partial Regression Coefficient
Versions	194.950***	Versions	1.816***
Users	−19.350	Users	0.168***
Confirmations	12.010	Confirmations	0.011
Tag Corrections	−170.980***	Tag Corrections	−1.882***
Rollbacks	62.160	Rollbacks	1.096***
Adj. R2	0.628***	Adj. R2	0.996***

Note: Significance: *** < 0.01, ** < 0.05, * < 0.1.

Figure 2. Distribution of OSM-NMJ data (N = 810).

Figure 3. Distribution of OSM-NMJ data and control points.

Table 4. Comparison of observations and predictions calculated by the trust indicators for the thematic accuracy.

(a) Buffer Distance = 19.13 m (N = 86)				(b) Buffer Distance = 46.30 m (N = 94)
		Predicted Values			Predicted Values
		Consistent	Inconsistent		Consistent	Inconsistent
Observed Values	Consistent	8	0	Consistent	10	0
	Inconsistent	77	1	Inconsistent	82	2
Hits (%)			9 (10.5)			12 (12.8)
Mishits (%)			77 (89.5)			82 (87.2)
Total (%)			86 (100.0)			94 (100.0)

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of the study are openly available in the following repositories at the given URLs:

1. Planet OSM: Available online: https://planet.openstreetmap.org/planet/full-history/

2. The Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI)‘s experimental project of vector-tile geospatial data provision: https://github.com/gsi-cyberjapan/experimental_pni

3. The Fundamental Geospatial Data Download Service (in Japanese): https://fgd.gsi.go.jp/download/menu.php