Spatial-Land use planning system data model proposal for edition II of LADM

Figures & data

Figure 1. Design research methodology for external package design.

Table 7. Recurring data and associations in spatial planning systems.

Guidance documents	Planning levels	Authority organizations	Plan decision characters	Plan cover	Associations
Legal documents	National	Central government	Settlement decisions	Country	Guidance
Sectoral plans	State	State administration	Workspace decisions	Metropolitan areas	Binding
High-level plans	Regional	Governorship	Natural disaster risk decisions	Prefectures	Data supply
Community decisions	Local	Mayoralty	Conservation decisions	More than one province	Providing legal framework
Standards	Sub-local	Citizen forums	Decisions to limit land use	Municipal boundaries	Advice referral
Surveys		Sectoral stakeholders	Development conditions	District	Update
Analyses				Urban areas
				Neighbourhood

Figure 2. Transformation of sectoral policies into spatial plan.

Table 1. Spatial plan decision types in literature studies.

INSPIRE Land Use Data Thema		Swiss PLR Cadastre		Other studies (Poland, Indonesia, Turkey)
Land use function type	Special regulations	Land use function type	Special regulations	Land use function type	Special regulations
Social housing areas	Climate protection zone	Areas for development	Groundwater protection zone	Uninhabitable areas	Principles of conservation areas
Residential areas by density	Phytosanitary protection zone	Infrastructures	Maintenance requirements for closed public waters	Linear building areas	Construction conditions
Reserve areas	Water protection zone	Agricultural building area	Conditions for protected areas	No-development zones	Supervisory institutions
Areas for development	Landscape protection zones	Public service areas	Afforestation obligations	Residential areas	Floor area use regulations
Infrastructures	Easement regulations	Project incentive areas	Development contribution obligations	Waste and recycling areas	Building volume provisions
Car parking areas	Construction regulations	Nature reserve	Landscape protection obligations	Minefields	Afforestation rate obligation
Transport Networks	Risk exposure regulations	Land with resource	Construction obligations	Tourism areas	Maximum construction area limitations
Mining area	Coastal access regulations	Livestock building area	Territories with special conditions for property acquisition	Agriculture and forestry production areas	Road widths
Production zones	State development policies	Landslide area	Construction front-line arrangement	Agricultural facility buildable area	Basement construction and usage limitations
Chemical sensitive area	Building height limitation zones	Contaminated sites	Distance regulations to specific areas	Special law areas	Density constraints for the type of activity or structure
Risky area	Air quality management zone	Special planning zones	Construction prohibitions	Disaster hazardous areas	Garden distances
Areas with environmental impact	Noise management zone	Military restricted area	Demolition decision constraints	Cemeteries and heritage sites	Waste management policies
Wetland and protected pasture-type areas	Areas to be expropriated	Sports and recreation areas	Division prohibited zone	Minimum space uses	Public buildings zone
Types of spaces based on their functional use	Regulations affecting property rights	Infrastructure facility areas	Zone with expropriation prohibition	Easement Types	Type of layout of the building on the parcel
Biodiversity area	Urban renewal and rehabilitation zones	Workspace areas	Workplace prohibited zone
Open space land uses	Activities allowed, prohibited and restricted by zone type	Open and green areas	Neighbourhood design plan area

Table 2. Germany spatial planning system specifications.

Plan Level	Title	Characteristic	Scope	Objectives
National	Concepts and Strategies for Spatial Development	Strategic	Country	Produce policy paper for territorial cohesion.
State	State Spatial Development Plans	Strategic	State	Objectives and strategies for spatial development of a federal state.
Regional	Regional Plan	Cartographic	State	Co-ordinate regional, municipal and sectoral planning. Provide land-use regulation.
Local	Preparatory Land Use Plans	Cartographic	Entire municipality	Main land-use plans
Local	Binding Land Use Plan	Cartographic	Development areas	Determines which developments are permitted at a certain location.

Table 3. Canada spatial planning system specifications.

Plan Level	Title	Characteristic	Scope	Objectives
Regional	Regional plan	Strategic and Cartographic	Provinces or sub-provinces	Contain high-level objectives or policies for regions. Aims to environmental protection, growth control and regional economic development.
Local	Community plans	Strategic and Cartographic	Municipal boundaries	Provide visions and policy framework for detailed plans. It is also a land use plan attended by stakeholders.
Local	District plan	Cartographic	Neighbourhoods and sub-urban areas	District plans are guides for specific parts of cities. It is detailed but not to plot level.
Local	Subdivision plan	Geographical	Neighbourhoods and sub-urban areas	Used to determine the impact of development on infra and services. Contain property boundaries.
Local	Site plan	Geographical	Neighbourhoods and sub-urban areas	It contains the building location. Used permits.

Table 4. Turkey spatial planning system specifications.

Plan Level	Title	Characteristic	Scope	Objectives
National	National Development Plan	Strategic	Country	Defines long-term development goals.
National	National Spatial Strategy Plan	Cartographic	Country or region	To direct spatial development by associating economic, social environmental etc. policies and strategies with the place.
Regional	Regional Plans	Strategic	Region	Aim at harmonising sectoral strategies.
Regional	Environmental Plan	Cartographic	One or more province	The plan serves as a bridge between strategic decisions and zoning plans and defines main land use.
Local	Land Use Zoning Plan	Cartographic	Urban area	In order to plan the use of land parts, transportation systems, development directions and sizes of urban and rural settlements.
Local	Implementation Zoning Plan	Cartographic	Development areas	Production of parcels ready for construction and making detailed construction decisions.

Table 5. Japan spatial planning system specifications.

Plan Level	Title	Characteristic	Scope	Objectives
National	National Spatial Strategy Plan	Strategic	Country	Provides general principles on a national spatial structure.
National	National Land Use Plan	Strategic	Country	Include strategic guidelines for the use and development of national land.
Regional	Basic Land Use Plan	Strategic	Prefecture	Focus on general policy objectives for spatial development in the entire prefecture.
Regional	Master Plans of City Planning Areas	Cartographic	Prefecture	Guidelines for zoning plans.
Regional	City Plans of Prefectures	Cartographic	The entire urban area of a prefecture	Delineate areas where urbanisation is promoted or controlled/ contain special zoning regulations.
Local	Municipal Master Plan	Cartographic	The urban area at the municipal level	Contain general objectives for the municipality and guidelines for zoning.
Local	City Plans of Municipalities	Cartographic	Urban areas	Contain detailed zoning maps and restrictions on building sizes and shapes and designate major urban redevelopment areas.

Table 6. England spatial planning system specifications.

Plan Level	Title	Characteristic	Scope	Objectives
National	National/regional Planning Policy Frameworks	Strategic	Country	Sets out the principle of planning in England, Guide to establishment of Local and Neighbourhood Plans.
Regional	Metropolitan Spatial Planning	Cartographic	Greater London Area	Responsible for local land-use planning and public housing.
Local	Core Strategies/ Local Plans	Strategic/ Cartographic	District	To set out detailed land use and development opportunity sites for all parts of the local authority area.
Sub-Local	Neighbourhood Plans	Cartographic	Neighbourhood	Building a strong economy, ensuring the vitality of town centres, promoting sustainability, and supporting high-quality communications.

Figure 3. Spatial planning system package overview.

Figure 4. Spatial planning system package UML classes and associations.

Figure 5. Associating SPSDM and LADM classes.

Figure 6. Objects to which the proposed SPSDM classes correspond in the planning system (documents directing the generation of spatial plans are represented in the SPS_guide class, spatial plans are represented in the SPS_SpatialPlan class, and its subclasses, parcels, structures parcel blocks etc. are represented in the SPS_PlanningObject class).

Table 8. Comparison of studies in the field of spatial planning data standardization.

Enterprise	Executive	Product	Relationship with Land Registration Systems	Objective	Representation/ Presentation
INSPIRE Land Use Data Specification	RC, Gov	AS, M, IR, S	Not directly available	DDSS, CLUT	SPF, AR, H, GeoP, SPD
Plan4All	RC	IR, M	Not directly available	EMSPD, POD	SPF, MP, GeoP
PLR Cadastre	PS, Gov	S	Integrated	SRRRs	GeoP
Indonesia LADM SP Package Trial	Ac	CM	It was created as an additional package to the LAS standard.	DDSS, SRRRs, SDApp	PZ, AR, H, SPD
Implementation of spatial planning objects in Polish 3D Cadastre	Ac	CM	It has been developed and integrated with the 3D cadastral system.	SRRRs	PZ, SPD
Spatial Planning System Data Model	Ac	CM	It was created as an additional package to the LAS standard.	DDSS, SRRRs, PSIA, SDApp, ARM	SPF, AR, H, PZ, RP, G, SPD

Gov: Government Ac: Academic RC: Regional Commission PS: Private sector.

CM: Conceptual Model AS: Application Schema, M: Metadata, IR: Implementations Rules S: Services.

DDSS: Developing a data sharing standard, SRRRs: Securing RRRs, CLUT: Classifying land use types as a standard EMSPD: Establishing a methodology for standardizing plan data POD: Providing open data for planning activities, PSIA: Planning System interactions and actor presentation, SDApp: Support for the development of the application software for land administration, ARM: Adaptable roof model development according to country applications.

SPF: Spatial Plan Features, AR: Additional Regulations, MP: Metadata Profiles, GeoP: Geoportal PZ: Planning Zone H: Hierarchy RP: Relationship between Plans, G: Guide Documents, SPD: Spatil Plan Decisions.