Allostatic load and mental health: a latent class analysis of physiological dysregulation

Figures & data

Table 1. Fit statistics for latent classes of biological dysregulation.

Models	LL	Npar	L²	BIC(L²)	AIC(L²)	AIC3(L²)	CAIC(L²)	df	Bootstrapped chi^2 p-value	Classification error
1-Cluster	(21,853.26)	22.00	19,342.58	6,379.76	15,872.58	14,137.58	4,644.76	1,735.00	<0.001	0.000
2-Cluster	(20,688.33)	45.00	17,012.73	4,221.75	13,588.73	11,876.73	2,509.75	1,712.00	<0.001	0.035
3-Cluster	(20,182.73)	68.00	16,001.52	3,382.38	12,623.52	10,934.52	1,693.38	1,689.00	0.018	0.081
4-Cluster	(19,787.67)	91.00	15,211.40	2,764.11	11,879.40	10,213.40	1,098.11	1,666.00	0.084	0.080
5-Cluster	(19,606.92)	114.00	14,849.91	2,574.46	11,563.91	9,920.91	931.46	1,643.00	0.134	0.093
6-Cluster	(19,451.06)	137.00	14,538.17	2,434.57	11,298.17	9,678.17	814.57	1,620.00	0.14	0.099

Figure 1. Latent classes of biological dysregulation.

Table 2. Sample descriptive statistics stratified by latent class.

	Baseline	Metabolic & inflammatory dysregulation	Parasympathetic dysregulation	Neuroendicrine dysregulation	-Test of statistical significance across latent classes^a
	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	p-Value
Variable	614 (34.95)	402 (22.88)	398 (22.65)	343 (19.52)
Age [M (SD)]	49.64 (11.38)	52.90 (11.62)	57.70 (11.32)	50.16 (13.42)	<0.001
Sex					<0.05
Female	362 (58.96)	212 (52.74)	198 (49.75)	202 (58.89)
Male	252 (41.04)	190 (47.26)	200 (50.25)	141 (41.11)
Race					<0.001
Caucasian	517 (84.20)	255 (63.43)	334 (83.92)	238 (69.39)
Black and/or African American	67 (10.91)	124 (30.85)	42 (10.55)	65 (18.95)
Other	30 (4.89)	23 (5.72)	22 (5.53)	40 (11.66)
Education					<0.001
High school diploma or less	138 (22.48)	118 (29.35)	98 (24.62)	52 (23.11)
Some college/Associates degree	167 (27.20)	144 (35.82)	118 (29.65)	87 (29.37)
Bachelor’s degree	176 (28.66)	79 (19.65)	108 (27.14)	109 (26.86)
Graduate degree	133 (21.66)	61 (15.17)	74 (18.59)	95 (20.66)
Employment status					<0.001
Employed	382 (62.21)	197 (49.00)	183 (45.98)	200 (58.31)
Retired	84 (13.68)	83 (20.65)	113 (28.39)	53 (15.45)
Homemaker	39 (6.35)	24 (5.97)	29 (7.29)	16 (4.66)
Unemployed/temp layoff	17 (2.77)	22 (5.47)	17 (4.27)	12 (3.50)
Other	92 (14.98)	76 (18.91)	56 (14.07)	62 (18.08)
Marital status					<0.001
Married	417 (67.92)	222 (55.22)	270 (67.84)	198 (57.73)
Separated/divorced	97 (15.80)	87 (21.64)	64 (16.08)	60 (17.49)
Never married	78 (12.70)	76 (18.91)	33 (8.29)	69 (20.12)
Other	22 (3.58)	17 (4.23)	31 (7.79)	16 (4.66)
Prescription for anxiety or depression	57 (9.28)	62 (15.42)	74 (18.59)	36 (10.50)	<0.001
Prescription for hypertension	95 (15.47)	172 (42.79)	141 (35.43)	80 (23.32)	<0.001
Prescription for high cholesterol	103 (16.78)	121 (30.10)	142 (35.68)	67 (19.53)	<0.001
Prescription for diabetes	8 (1.30)	87 (21.64)	57 (14.32)	16 (4.66)	<0.001

^aChi-square tests were used to test for statistically signficant differences across latent classes for each of the covariates except age, for which an ANOVA test was employed.

Table 3. Multinomial logistic regression results.

	n	Metabolic & inflammatory dysregulation		Parasympathetic dysregulation		SAM pathway dysregulation
		ARR	95% CI	ARR	95% CI	ARR	95% CI
Treated for anxiety/depression	1,747	1.43	(0.98, 2.10)	1.46	(0.99, 2.13)	0.9	(0.60, 1.35)
CES-D	1,751	1.80	(1.13, 2.88)	1.71	(1.04, 2.82)	1.29	(0.78, 2.14)
MASQ-GDD	1,756	1.78	(1.08, 2.96)	1.40	(0.81, 2.42)	1.44	(0.85, 2.43)
MASQ-Anhedonia	1,756	1.95	(1.01, 3.75)	1.86	(0.94, 3.67)	1.31	(0.63, 2.73)

All relative risk ratios were adjusted for age, sex, race, educational attainment, employment status, marital status, and whether or not participants were prescribed medication for anxiety or depression, hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes. The baseline cluster is the reference group for all adjusted risk ratios (ARRs).

Bold values are statistically significant at p < 0.05.