Maternal prenatal distress exposure negatively associates with the stability of neonatal frontoparietal network

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographics of subjects included in GICA and LEiDA analyses.

	Variable	Whole sample N = 20	Male N = 11	Female N = 9
	M ± SD (range); For Apgar points, the median is reported
Neonates	Age from birth (weeks)	3.72 ± 1.11 (1.57–5.71)	3.47 ± 1.14 (1.57–5.14)	4.03 ± 1.06 (2.71–5.71)
	Age from term (weeks)	3.64 ± 0.71 (2.43–4.71)	3.34 ± 0.63 (2.43–4.43)	4.00 ± 0.65 (3.00–4.71)
	Postmenstrual age during scanning (weeks)	43.71 ± 0.72 (42.43–44.71)	43.42 ± 0.73 (42.43–44.57)	44.06 ± 0.56 (43.29–44.71)
	Gestational weight when born (g)	3578 ± 343 (3085–4395)	3536 ± 295 (3105–3980)	3628 ± 406 (3085–4395
	Head circumference when born (cm)	35.25 ± 1.11 (33.0–37.5)	35.50 ± 1.12 (34.0–37.0)	34.94 ± 1.07 (33.0–37.0)
	Apgar points at 1 min (MAD)	9.00 (1.45) (3–10)	9.00 (1.64) (3–10)	9.00 (1.21) (3–9)
	Apgar points at 5 min (MAD)	9.00 (0.56) (6–10)	9.00 (0.36) (8–10)	9.00 (0.79) (6–10)
MothersFrequencies	Maternal age (years)	29.05 ± 4.44 (19–37)	28.64 ± 4.74 (19–37)	29.56 ± 4.28 (24–36)
	Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m^2)	25.60 ± 3.53 (20.03–33.06)	25.15 ± 3.77 (20.03–31.24)	26.15 ± 3.35 (21.05–33.06)
	EPDS score	3.65 ± 3.30 (0–11)	4.00 ± 2.45 (0–8)	3.22 ± 4.37 (0–11)
	SCL-90 score	2.95 ± 3.15 (0–10)	4.00 ± 3.31 (0–10)	1.67 ± 2.55 (0–8)
	Composite distress score	6.60 ± 5.69 (0–18)	8.00 ± 5.12 (0–17)	4.89 ± 6.17 (0–18)
	Maternal monthly income (€):
	<1000	4	1	3
	1001–2000	11	6	5
	2001–3000	4	4	0
	3001–4000	1	0	1
	>4000	0	0	0
	Maternal education level:
	Low	7	2	5
	Mid	6	3	3
	High	7	6	1
	Maternal use of alcohol during pregnancy (yes/no)	4/16	2/9	2/7
	Frequency of maternal use of alcohol during pregnancy	0/1/3	0/1/1	0/0/2
	Maternal use of illicit substances during pregnancy (yes/no)	1/19	0/11	1/8
	Frequency of maternal use of illicit substances during pregnancy	0/0/1	0/0/0	0/0/1

Maternal monthly income is divided into five categories (1 = <1000€/2 = 1001–2000€/3 = 2001–3000€/4 = 3001–4000€/5 = >4000€). maternal education was trichotomized (1 = high school graduate or lower; 2 = college degree; 3 = University degree). frequency of maternal use of alcohol or illicit substances during pregnancy were trichotomized (more than 1–2 times a month/1–2 times a month/less frequently). M: mean; SD: standard deviation; MAD: mean absolute deviation; EPDS: Edinburgh postnatal depression scale 10-point questionnaire; SCL-90: Symptom checklist anxiety questionnaire.

Table 2. Motion parameters of whole sample (N = 20).

	Range	Min	Max	Mean	Std. dev	Variance
Mean FD	6.70	0.06	6.76	0.75	1.45	2.12
Translation (X)	0.45	−0.02	0.26	0.01	0.13	0.02
Translation (Y)	1.06	−0.52	0.54	0.21	0.26	0.07
Translation (Z)	3.68	−3.13	0.54	−0.45	0.77	0.60
Rotation (X)	0.24	−0.17	0.07	0.05	0.46	0.00
Rotation (Y)	0.15	−0.06	0.09	0.04	0.03	0.00
Rotation (Z)	0.41	−0.02	0.38	0.03	0.10	0.01

Figure 1. Maternal prenatal distress associates negative with the probability of occurrence of a frontoparietal network: (A) visualization of the brain network #3 identified from clustering solution with 6 clusters; (B) scatter plot of the association between probability of occurrence and PSE (spearman’s rho = −0.659, p = 0.004, Bonferroni-corrected p = 0.024).

Data availability statement

The Finnish law and ethical permissions do not allow the sharing of the data used in this study.