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Stress
The International Journal on the Biology of Stress
Volume 26, 2023 - Issue 1
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Review Article

The importance of the circadian trough in glucocorticoid signaling: a variation on B-flat

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Article: 2275210 | Received 24 Jun 2023, Accepted 28 Sep 2023, Published online: 30 Oct 2023

Figures & data

Figure 1. The B-flat model. Compared to the physiological situation, there are two distinct ways to achieve a disturbed B-level via subcutaneous implantation of pellets. In a classic overexposure model, hormone levels are high and mimic Cushing’s disease, chronic treatment with synthetic steroids, and perhaps chronic severe stress. The consequences of such a regimen may be due to either overall GC over-exposure or to a lack of circadian rhythmicity. In the B-Flat model, the implanted pellet leads to increased trough levels that suffice to activate negative feedback, likely involving the MR. This leads to reduced adrenocortical output and a flattened rhythm in the absence of overall 24 hour higher exposure to hormones. Created with Biorender.com.

Figure 1. The B-flat model. Compared to the physiological situation, there are two distinct ways to achieve a disturbed B-level via subcutaneous implantation of pellets. In a classic overexposure model, hormone levels are high and mimic Cushing’s disease, chronic treatment with synthetic steroids, and perhaps chronic severe stress. The consequences of such a regimen may be due to either overall GC over-exposure or to a lack of circadian rhythmicity. In the B-Flat model, the implanted pellet leads to increased trough levels that suffice to activate negative feedback, likely involving the MR. This leads to reduced adrenocortical output and a flattened rhythm in the absence of overall 24 hour higher exposure to hormones. Created with Biorender.com.