Assessment of intake of ²¹⁰Po and ²¹⁰Pb isotopes from cow’s milk in Poland

ABSTRACT

Milk has been known for its nutritional properties for centuries and is often the staple of the diet in many countries. Therefore, monitoring of milk composition seems to be a relevant task as it was the purpose of this study to compare levels of ²¹⁰Po and ²¹⁰Pb in several Polish voivodeships. The methodology was based on mineralization, loss on an inorganic matrix and concentration measurement on an alpha spectrometer. The concentrations of ²¹⁰Po and ²¹⁰Pb in collected milk samples were measured using alpha spectrometry and calculations, respectively. The results showed that the lowest concentration of ²¹⁰Po is 2.8 ± 0.2 mBq l⁻¹ and the highest is 56.3 ± 0.7 mBq l⁻¹ while the ²¹⁰Pb concentrations are in the range from 2.8 ± 0.2 to 44.0 ± 1.7 mBq l⁻¹. The associated annual effective doses for adults jmrange from 3.5 ± 0.1 to 11.0 ± 0.2 µSv a⁻¹ for ²¹⁰Po and from 2.0 ± 0.1 to 5.0 ± 0.1 µSv a⁻¹ for ²¹⁰Pb. The lowest doses were noticed in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and the highest values were found in Lesser Poland Voivodeship. The results show that the annual effective dose in individual provinces is not dangerous to health. However, there are significant differences between highly and lowly industrialized voivodeships.

KEYWORDS:

• Cow
• lead-210
• milk
• natural radioactivity
• Poland
• polonium-210
• nutrition and activity ratio

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Ministry of Sciences and Higher Education for the financial support of this work under Grant DS/531-T030-D745-20 and DS/531-T030-D745-21.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Ministry of Science and Higher Education: [Grant Number DS/531-T030-D745-21]; Ministry of Science and Higher Education: [Grant Number DS/531-T030-D745-20].