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Notes
Dr Paul D. Williams is Senior Lecturer in Politics and Journalism at the School of Humanities, Griffith University. He wishes to thank the editorial staff for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper.
1Not to be confused with the Queensland LNP, a party born in 2008 from a merger between the state Liberal and National parties. The Queensland LNP sits as a division of the Federal Liberal Party.
2The only other Greens House of Representatives MP, Michael Organ, won the seat of Cunningham (NSW) at a by-election on 19 October 2002. The seat returned to Labor in 2004.
3Neville Bonner (Liberal, Qld, 1971–83) and Aden Ridgeway (Australian Democrats, NSW, 1999–2005), the only other federal Indigenous MPs, were elected to the Senate.
4William Morris ‘Billy’ Hughes was expelled from the Labor Party for his commitment to conscripting Australian troops for overseas service during World War One.
5Australia avoided technical recession, the December 2008 quarter being the only period of negative growth.
6Rudd allegedly reduced an RAAF steward to tears after the wrong meal was served and, later, vented anger over the lack of a hair dryer on a visit to Afghanistan (Maiden Citation2010a).
7Despite low levels of unemployment, interest rates were high and inflation was rising.
8From a $22 billion surplus to a $22 billion deficit, the government oversaw a $44 billion turnaround in less than a year (Grattan Citation2009a, 1).
9Twenty Australian soldiers died in Afghanistan between 2002 and the election in 2010. Most of these fatalities occurred after 2007 including one the day before the poll.
10Organisers of the spill are said to include Senators Mark Feeney (Vic.), Mark Arbib (NSW), Don Farrell (SA) and Joe Ludwig (Qld), Victorian MPs Richard Marles (Corio) and Bill Shorten (Maribyrnong), and Federal Labor Campaign Director Karl Bitar.
11Or the 32nd if the non-sequential terms of Deakin, Fisher and Menzies are added.
12The Right in NSW, Victoria and South Australia swung especially strongly behind Gillard.
13The five Liberal seats to be redistributed as marginal Labor were: Herbert (Qld, 0.1%); Swan (WA, 0.3%); Gilmore (NSW, 0.4%); Macarthur (NSW, 0.5%); and Dickson (Qld, 0.8%). See Green (Citation2010).
14The House of Representatives was dissolved and writs issued on 19 July, with the rolls closed to new enrolees the same day. Writs were returned on 27 October.
15Latham, ALP leader 2003–05, resigned after his 2004 election defeat and soon became a critic of Labor. Latham also urged voters to leave their ballot papers blank (see Hartcher Citation2010; Wilson Citation2010).
16Fifteen of these seats were in Queensland.
17There were suggestions the Coalition framed such campaign rhetoric as ‘real action to support families’ as a deliberate reference to Gillard's lifestyle choices (Priest Citation2010, 14).
18Labor would later be accused of not sufficiently exploiting its economic credentials during the campaign (Fensom Citation2010).
19Newspapers supporting the Coalition included the Australian, Daily Telegraph, Herald Sun, Courier Mail, Australian Financial Review and the West Australian. Those supporting Labor included the Sydney Morning Herald, Age, Adelaide Advertiser, Canberra Times and Northern Territory News.
20Ten Labor MPs retired, including Lindsay Tanner (Melbourne, Vic.), Bob McMullan (Fraser, ACT), Duncan Kerr (Denison, Tas.) and Jenny George (Throsby, NSW). Eight Liberals retired, including Georgiou (Kooyong, Vic.), Peter Lindsay (Herbert, Qld) and Danna Vale (Hughes, NSW). The sole National retiree was Kay Hulls (Riverina, NSW). Michael Johnson (Ryan, Qld), disendorsed by the Liberals, unsuccessfully recontested as an Independent, while Belinda Neal (Robertson, NSW), disendorsed by Labor, did not recontest. Three Liberal and three Labor Senators also chose not to recontest (Australian Electoral Commission 2010d).
21In all, 47 women (31.3%) were endorsed by Labor for the House of Representatives, 30 women (20.0%) by the Coalition, and 62 women (41.3%) by the Greens. Each of these parties endorsed a full contingent of 150 House of Representatives candidates. Family First endorsed a total of 108 candidates, and the Democratic Labor Party seven (Australian Electoral Commission 2010c).
22Reforms included limiting questions to 45 seconds, and answers to four minutes. Answers must also be directly relevant to the question. Opposition leaders or their delegates are now entitled to one supplementary question (Franklin Citation2010c).