A New Measure for the Assessment of Appreciation for Creative Personality

Figures & data

TABLE 1 Item-level statistics of the Appreciation for Creative Personality (ACP) scale (study 1)

	Regular instruction				Fake-Good-Instruction
Item No.	p (SD)		ri-s		rCE_v		rCE_a	p (SD)
1	.64 (.48)	.38	.36	.27	.53 (.50)	.61	.12	.15
2	.43 (.50)	.49	.38	.31	.26 (.44)	.50	.19	.18
3	.61 (.49)	.41	.28	.42	.66 (.48)	.51	.15	.17
4	.74 (.44)	.27	.28	.32	.77 (.42)	.39	.13	.14
5	.49 (.50)	.38	.29	.32	.54 (.50)	.48	.16	.14
6	.71 (.46)	.36	.30	.33	.59 (.49)	.47	.18	.14
7	.57 (.50)	.59	.40	.40	.39 (.49)	.54	.19	.20
8	.67 (.47)	.54	.30	.38	.59 (.49)	.55	.19	.22
9	.60 (.49)	.61	.39	.33	.47 (.50)	.59	.17	.11
10	.63 (.48)	.21	.21	.17	.58 (.49)	.43	.17	.09
11	.39 (.49)	.32	.21	.22	.47 (.50)	.50	.15	.17
12	.74 (.44)	.23	.11	.16	.63 (.49)	.51	.14	.13
13	.79 (.41)	.33	.20	.14	.63 (.48)	.50	.18	.13

Note. Correlations above .17, .13, and .11 are significant at p < .01, p < .05, and p < .10, respectively. The item content can be found in Table A2.

TABLE 2 Descriptive statistics and intercorrelations of study 1 variables

	M (SD)	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
Appreciation for Creative Pers.
ACP (1)	0.62 (0.24)	.12	.56	.56	.11	.18	−.08	.17	.13	.03	.54	−.13	.14	.07	.02	.57
ACP fake good (2)	0.55 (0.29)		.27	.25	−.04	.05	−.05	.14	.04	−.01	.05	−.08	.10	.03	−.02	.05
Study validity measures
CE Vignette (3)	3.54 (0.38)			.63	.11	.23	−.12	.14	.06	−.02	.33	−.10	.13	.03	.04	.45
CE Attitude (4)	3.32 (0.65)				.02	.22	−.11	.16	.08	.05	.42	−.14	.15	.04	.08	.62
Creativity Evaluation Test (5)	75.17 (8.77)					.00	.15	−.08	−.07	.08	.03	.05	−.10	.05	.08	−.01
HEXACO Dimensions
Honesty-Humility (6)	3.51 (0.68)						.09	.03	.27	.10	.20	−.01	.04	.36	.09	.16
Emotionality (7)	3.33 (0.71)							−.33	.02	.01	−.04	.67	−.23	.24	−.07	−.15
Extraversion (8)	3.49 (0.70)								.06	.07	.04	−.58	.86	.17	.32	.18
Agreeableness (9)	3.20 (0.58)									−.02	.13	−.23	−.01	.69	−.03	.09
Conscientiousness (10)	3.59 (0.68)										.07	.04	.07	.10	.79	.19
Openness to Experience (11)	3.57 (0.64)											.01	.05	.02	.01	.73
Big Five Dimensions
Neuroticism (12)	2.88 (0.80)												−.43	−.15	−.16	−.12
Extraversion (13)	3.43 (0.82)													.14	.33	.16
Agreeableness (14)	3.65 (0.55)														.12	−.03
Conscientiousness (15)	3.54 (0.67)															.17
Openness to Experience (16)	3.61 (0.69)

Note. N = 224 for all variables. Correlations significant at p < .05 are printed in bold type. ACP = Appreciation for Creative Personality. CE = creative education.

FIGURE 1 Confirmatory factor analysis model of the Appreciation for Creative Personality scale (study 1). See study 1 results for model fit information.

TABLE 3 Hierarchical multiple regression models for the prediction of creative education criteria (study 1)

	CE Vignette		CE Attitude
Model 1	β	p	β	p
Honesty-Humility	.20	< .001	−.02	.71
Emotionality	−.09	.20	−.01	.85
Extraversion	.10	.12	.02	.81
Agreeableness	−.04	.58	−.10	.11
Conscientiousness	−.07	.29	.19	< .001
Openness to Experience	.30	< .001	.40	< .001
	Δ R^2adj = .17, p < .001		Δ R^2adj = .21, p < .001
Model 2
Honesty-Humility	.20	< .001	−.02	.71
Emotionality	−.10	.12	−.04	.56
Extraversion	.11	.10	.02	.73
Agreeableness	−.03	.69	−.09	.16
Conscientiousness	−.08	.22	.17	.01
Openness to Experience	.29	< .001	.40	< .001
Creativity Evaluation Test	.13	.04	.18	< .001
	Δ R^2 adj = .02, p = .04		Δ R^2adj = .03, p = .04
Model 3
Honesty-Humility	.16	.01	−.04	.50
Emotionality	−.08	.16	−.03	.67
Extraversion	.04	.53	−.02	.77
Agreeableness	−.05	.40	−.10	.10
Conscientiousness	−.06	.29	.18	< .001
Openness to Experience	.04	.55	.26	< .001
Creativity Evaluation Test	.07	.22	.15	.01
ACP	.49	.00	.28	< .001
	Δ R^2adj = .16, p = .00		Δ R^2adj = .05, p = .00

Note. CE = Creative education. ACP = Appreciation for Creative Personality (ACP).

FIGURE 2 Latent mediation model (study 2). See study 2 results for model fit information. Coefficients significant at p < .05 are displayed in bold type in the structural model part. All factor loadings are significant at p < .001 except ACP_10, which is significant at p < .05 (single factor loadings of openness and intellect are not displayed). ACP = Appreciation for Creative Personality. BFAS = Big Five Aspects Scale. res_open = residual term openness, res_intell = residual term intellect. ICAA = Inventory of Creative Activities and Achievements.

TABLE 4 Descriptive statistics and intercorrelations of study 2 variables

	M (SD)	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
Appreciation for Creative Pers. (parents)
ACP (1)	0.56 (0.23)	−.04	−.01	.08	−.07	.17	.09	.13	.08	.12	.03
Big Five Dimensions (participants)
Neuroticism (2)	2.80 (0.65)		−.30	−.17	−.25	−.16	−.20	−.15	.03	.07	−.07
Extraversion (3)	3.60 (0.49)			.21	.24	.45	.06	−.02	.03	.14	.22
Agreeableness (4)	4.01 (0.42)				.08	.24	−.01	.12	.01	.15	.09
Conscientiousness (5)	3.13 (0.50)					.04	.03	−.15	−.03	−.06	−.03
Openness/Intellect (6)	3.77 (0.52)						.30	.23	.25	.31	.42
Cognitive Abilities (participants)
General Intelligence (7)	0.00 (0.73)							.31	.19	.10	.22
Divergent Thinking Originality (8)	0.82 (0.20)								.05	−.09	.20
Divergent Thinking Fluency (9)	8.54 (3.19)									.13	.12
Real-Life Creative Behavior (participants)
Creative Activities (10)	65.49 (27.01)										.53
Creative Achievements (11)	51.53 (35.50)

Note. N = 190 for all variables. ACP = Appreciation for Creative Personality. The first row presents dyadic correlations between participants’ personality and their parents’ ACP scores. See method study 2 for more detailed information. Bold indicates significance at p < .05.

TABLE 5 Domain-specific model for the prediction of participants’ creative activity by means of openness and intellect, their parents’ ACP, and the indirect effects of parents’ ACP via participants’ openness and intellect

	Literature	Music	Arts & Crafts	Creative Cooking	Sports	Visual Arts	Performing Arts	Science & Engineering
Openness	.36	.43	.43	.21	.05	.37	.38	−.10
Intellect	.21	−.05	−.12	−.06	.01	−.07	−.10	.23
ACP direct	−.02	−.02	.02	.07	−.04	−.04	.03	.02
ACP via Openness	.10	.12	.12	.06	.02	.10	.10	−.03
ACP via Intellect	.02	−.04	−.01	.00	.00	−.01	−.01	.02

Note. Standardized regression weights are displayed. Coefficients marked in bold are significant at p < .05. ACP = Appreciation for Creative Personality.

Table A1. Appreciation for creative personality scale (German)

Item No.	Response Alternative A	Response Alternative B
1*	Bleibt bei weiteren Autofahrten öfter stehen, um die Natur zu fotografieren, und kommt daher manchmal zu spät.	Wenn sie mit dem Auto unterwegs ist, versucht sie möglichst schnell an ihr Ziel zu kommen und hat keine Zeit die Umgebung zu bewundern, auch wenn die Natur noch so schön ist.
2*	Ihre Ideen werden oft als „unpraktisch“ oder sogar „gewagt“ bezeichnet.	Ihre Vorschläge sind meist bewährte, die schon früher gut funktioniert haben.
3	Sie mochte in der Schule gerne Sportunterricht, weil es da immer klare Spielregeln gab.	Kunst war eines ihrer Lieblingsfächer in der Schule.
4*	Bewundert KünstlerInnen und SchriftstellerInnen gleich wie ÄrztInnen und JuristInnen.	ÄrzteInnen und JuristInnen leisten ihrer Meinung nach wichtigere Arbeit als KünstlerInnen und SchriftstellerInnen.
5	Zeichnet nur Bilder von echten Personen oder Objekten gerne.	Zeichnet nur abstrakte Bilder gerne.
6	Ist nett und ruhig, hat aber nicht so viele Ideen.	Ist lebhaft und voll von Ideen und tut daher oft nicht das, was andere erwarten.
7	Normalerweise tut sie Dinge auf akzeptierte Weise.	Normalerweise versucht sie, sich neue Wege einfallen zu lassen, etwas zu tun.
8	Beschäftigt sich lieber mit Fakten.	Beschäftigt sich lieber mit Ideen und Theorien.
9	Ist die Art von Person, die es bevorzugt, alltägliche Probleme auf bewährtem Weg zu lösen.	Ist die Art von Person, die es bevorzugt, alltägliche Probleme auf außergewöhnlichem Weg zu lösen.
10	Die erste Idee, die man für die Lösung eines Problems hat, ist ihrer Meinung nach fast immer die richtige.	Braucht in der Regel lange für die Lösung von Problemen, weil sie sich eine Vielzahl möglicher Lösungen ausdenkt.
11	Fragt vor Geburtstagen gerne nach, was der/die zu Beschenkende als Geschenk gebrauchen könnte.	Verschenkt zu Geburtstagen gerne selbst hergestellte Dinge, auch wenn der/die Beschenkte diese gar nicht brauchen kann.
12	Kauft nützliche Einrichtungsgegenstände, deren Aussehen ist ihr nicht so wichtig.	Hat eine Vorliebe für ausgefallene Kombinationen von Einrichtungsgegenständen, die andere manchmal zum Schmunzeln bringen.
13	Lässt sich spontan Witze einfallen, die andere vielleicht nicht lustig finden.	Erzählt lieber bewährte Witze.

Note. Item numbers correspond to those in Table 1. Response alternative A is assigned zero points, response alternative B is assigned one point. Items marked with an asterisk are reverse-coded. Scale score is calculated by averaging across all items. The German scale instruction is as follows: “Nachfolgend werden Ihnen Beschreibungen von jeweils zwei Personen dargeboten. Bitte stellen Sie sich für jede Aussage eine Person vor und geben Sie an, mit welcher der beiden Personen Ihnen der Umgang angenehmer wäre.”

Table A2. Appreciation for creative personality scale (english)

Item No.	Response Alternative A	Response Alternative B
1*	Stops often to photograph nature during long car rides, and is therefore sometimes late.	When driving by car, he/she tries to reach the destination as quickly as possible and has no time to admire the surrounding nature, no matter how beautiful it is.
2*	His/her ideas are often considered “impractical” or even “wild”.	His/her suggestions are usually established ones, which have worked before.
3	In school, the person enjoyed physical education very much, because the rules were always explicit.	Art was one of her favorite subjects at school.
4*	Admires artists and writers the same amount as medical doctors and lawyers.	Is of the opinion that the work of medical doctors and lawyers is more important than that of artists and writers.
5	Likes to draw pictures only of real people and real objects.	Likes to draw abstract pictures only.
6	Is nice and calm, but does not have so many ideas.	Is lively and full of ideas and therefore does often not do what others might expect.
7	Does usually do things in a widely accepted manner.	Normally tries to find new ways to do things.
8	Likes to concern oneself with facts.	Likes to concern oneself with ideas and theories.
9	Is the kind of person who prefers solving everyday problems in well proven ways.	Is the kind of person who prefers to solve everyday problems in unconventional ways.
10	Believes that the first idea that comes to mind when trying to solve a problem is almost always the right one.	Typically takes a long time to solve problems because he/she thinks about numerous different possible solutions.
11	Before making a gift, asks what the person actually needs for his/her birthday.	Likes to give self-made birthday presents, even if the person does not need them.
12	Buys practical furniture, the appearance of which is not so important.	Has a preference for unusual combinations of furniture, which sometimes makes other people chuckle.
13	Comes up with jokes spontaneously which others might not find funny.	Likes to tell established jokes.

Note. Item numbers correspond to those in Table 1. Response alternative A is assigned zero points, response alternative B is assigned one point. Items marked with an asterisk are reverse-coded. Scale score is calculated by averaging across all items. The English scale instruction is as follows: “In the following, you will see descriptions of two persons. Please imagine a person for each of these descriptions and indicate with whom of them you would prefer to have contact with.”