Abstract
Nano-CuO has been used as an efficient catalyst for the preparation of pyridine derivatives by four-component reaction of hydrazine hydrate, ethyl cyanoacetate, malononitrile, and aldehydes. The present synthetic protocol provides several advantages such as simplicity of operation, wide range of products, excellent yields, short reaction times, retrievability of the catalyst, and low catalyst loading.
Acknowledgement
The authors are grateful to the University of Kashan for supporting this work.