Synthesis of Pyrano [2,3-c] Pyrazole Derivatives Using a Novel Ionic-Liquid Based Nano-Magnetic Catalyst (Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@(CH₂)₃NH@CC@Imidazole@SO₃H⁺Cl⁻)

Abstract

The current study is a molecular engineering approach designed for synthesize an ionic-liquid-based nano-magnetic solid acid heterogeneous catalyst, namely Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@(CH₂)₃NH@CC@Imidazole@SO₃H. Following the synthesis of the mentioned catalyst, various techniques were used to characterize, including Infrared (IR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), EDX elemental mapping, Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential thermal analysis (DTA), and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The activity of the as-synthesized catalyst was evaluated in the synthesis of pyrano [2,3-c] pyrazole derivatives. It can easily be recovered using an external magnet and used repeatedly. The FTIR proved the stability of the as-synthesized catalyst even after five recovery steps. The most exciting finding was that pyrano [2,3-c] pyrazole derivatives could be produced in a short time and high yield (56–98%). The systematic design of experiment (DOE), finally, was applied to optimize the reaction condition.

Keywords:

• Pyrano [2,3-c] pyrazole
• nano-magnetic catalyst
• one-pot reaction

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the Bu-Ali Sina University Research Council and Center of Excellence in Development of Environmentally Friendly Methods for Chemical Synthesis (CEDEFMCS) for providing support for this work.

Disclosure statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Funding

Development of chemical methods, reagents and molecules.