http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5513-7707
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ABSTRACT
When computational fluid dynamics was applied in a hydrodynamic torque converter, the influences of medium temperature were always ignored. Those influences were investigated in this study. The variable viscosities and constant viscosity were carried out by a comparative study. The unsteady flow fields showed the variable viscosities results were more reasonable, whereas the constant viscosity overestimated the viscous force and leaded to inaccuracy in performance prediction. The experimental data proved that variable viscosities achieved a highly accuracy, and the performance prediction inaccuracy was 1–4%. Through the comparative analysis of the equivalent stress and deformation computed from thermal-fluid–structure interaction and fluid–structure interaction, the thermal stress from medium-temperature influence should be considered during the design of a torque converter.
Nomenclature
| A | = | heat transfer area |
| Ck | = | model coefficient |
| Cs | = | damping matrix |
| hi | = | sensible enthalpy of species i |
| = | diffusion flux of species i | |
| k | = | heat transfer coefficient |
| keff | = | effective conductivity |
| Ks | = | solid displacement |
| Ms | = | mass matrix |
| P | = | fluid pressure (Pa) |
| Q | = | total heat transfer rate |
| q | = | heat flux |
| qsgs | = | SGS kinetic energy |
| T | = | temperature (K) |
| Δtm | = | temperature difference |
| Yi | = | mass fraction of species i |
| = | filtered velocity (m/s) | |
| δij | = | Kronecker delta |
| μd | = | dynamic viscosity (m2/s) |
| μt | = | turbulent viscosity (m2/s) |
| ρ | = | density (kg/m3) |
| τij | = | SGS stress tensor |
| τs | = | the stress of solid |
Nomenclature
| A | = | heat transfer area |
| Ck | = | model coefficient |
| Cs | = | damping matrix |
| hi | = | sensible enthalpy of species i |
| = | diffusion flux of species i | |
| k | = | heat transfer coefficient |
| keff | = | effective conductivity |
| Ks | = | solid displacement |
| Ms | = | mass matrix |
| P | = | fluid pressure (Pa) |
| Q | = | total heat transfer rate |
| q | = | heat flux |
| qsgs | = | SGS kinetic energy |
| T | = | temperature (K) |
| Δtm | = | temperature difference |
| Yi | = | mass fraction of species i |
| = | filtered velocity (m/s) | |
| δij | = | Kronecker delta |
| μd | = | dynamic viscosity (m2/s) |
| μt | = | turbulent viscosity (m2/s) |
| ρ | = | density (kg/m3) |
| τij | = | SGS stress tensor |
| τs | = | the stress of solid |