Numerical investigation for thermal growth in water and engine oil-based ternary nanofluid using three different shaped nanoparticles over a linear and nonlinear stretching sheet

Abstract

The primary aspect of this study is a theoretical analysis of heat transport enhancement in the time-independent three-dimensional ternary hybrid nanofluid flow with base fluid water and engine oil under the effects of thermal radiation over a linear as well as a nonlinearly stretching sheet. Three different shaped nanoparticles, namely SiO₂ in blade form, MoS₂ in cylindrical form, and Cu in platelet form, are considered in this research. Utilizing similarity transformations, the resultant flow equations are reduced into non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODE’s). These nonlinear differential equations are solved numerically by employing the shooting method in conjunction with Runge–Kutta (RK) method. The physical significance of various fluid parameters such as radiation parameter, stretching parameter, the volume fraction of particles dispersed in the base liquid is discussed in the flow velocity and temperature distribution. It is concluded that temperature increases in the case of MoS₂-SiO₂-Cu-water over a linearly stretching sheet as well as a nonlinearly stretching sheet when the volume fraction of nanoparticles is increased as compared to MoS₂-SiO₂-Cu-engine oil. It should be notable that this study is helpful for the advancement of a cooling system in voltaic devices, hybrid-powered engines and solar energy applications.

Keywords:

• Nonlinear thermal radiation
• stretching sheet/surface
• ternary hybrid nanofluid