Heat transfer optimisation through viscous ternary nanofluid flow over a stretching/shrinking thin needle

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow configuration.

Table 1. The thermophysical constants of the constituents [4, 34].

Nanoparticle	ρ	Cp	κ
ZnO	5600	495.2	13
MoS 2	5060	397.21	34.5
SiO2	2650	730	1.5
$H_{2}O+EG$	1056	3288	0.425

Table 2. Validating the obtained results through comparison.

	Qasim et al. [39]	Suleman et al. [40]	Present
Pr	$-\theta \prime (0.1)$
0.72	1.23664	1.23665	1.23666
1	1.0000	1.00000	0.99999
6.7	0.3333	0.3331	0.3336
10	0.26876	0.26877	0.26877

Figure 2. δ influence on $f\prime (\eta ).$

Figure 3. δ influence on $\theta (\eta ).$

Figure 4. Q influence on $\theta (\eta ).$

Figure 5. Q influence on $\theta (\eta ).$

Figure 6. R influence on $\theta (\eta ).$

Figure 7. ${\varphi }_3$ influence on $f\prime (\eta ).$

Figure 8. ${\varphi }_3$ influence on $\theta (\eta ).$

Figure 9. λ influence on $f\prime (\eta ).$

Figure 10. λ influence on $f\prime (\eta ).$

Figure 11. λ influence on $\theta (\eta ).$

Figure 12. λ influence on $\theta (\eta ).$

Table 3. Variations of Cf_x and Nu_x for changes in the fluid flow parameters.

		$-C{f}_x$	Nux			$-C{f}_x$	Nux
$\varphi$	0.005	0.7243	0.9173	δ	0.1	0.7243	–0.0154
	0.01	0.6812	0.7679		0.2	0.8616	0.2569
	0.015	0.6274	6632		0.3	1.0345	0.5040
	0.02	0.5797	0.5048		0.4	1.2536	0.7095
	0.025	0.5547	0.3040		0.5	1.5329	0.8861
R	0.5	0.7243	1.3579	Q	–0.8	0.7243	2.318
	1	0.7243	1.0446		–0.4	0.7243	2.0266
	1.5	0.7243	0.8479		0	0.7243	1.6799
	2	0.7243	0.7121		0.4	0.7243	1.2355
	2.5	0.7243	0.6121		0.8	0.7243	0.5672

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