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ABSTRACT
Boron-doped diamond (BDD) is a prospective electrode material that possesses many exceptional properties including wide potential window, low noise, low and stable background current, chemical and mechanical stability, good biocompatibility, and last but not least exceptional resistance to passivation. These characteristics extend its usability in various areas of electrochemistry as evidenced by increasing number of published articles over the past two decades. The idea of chemically modifying BDD electrodes with molecular species attached to the surface for the purpose of creating a rational design has found promising applications in the past few years. BDD electrodes have appeared to be excellent substrate materials for various chemical modifications and subsequent application to biosensors and biosensing. Hence, this article presents modification strategies that have extended applications of BDD electrodes in electroanalytical chemistry. Different methods and steps of surface modification of this electrode material for biosensing and construction of biosensors are discussed.
Acknowledgment
This paper is dedicated to the memory of the late Professor Marco Mascini.
Funding
This work has been supported by the Grant Agency of the Slovak Republic (grants No. 1/0051/13 and 1/0361/14), the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract No. APVV-0797-11, the National Scholarship Program of the Slovak Republic for the Support of Mobility of Students, PhD Students, University Teachers, Researchers and Artists (Teodora Ignat, ID 8632), and by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (project P206/12/G151).