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Invited Reviews

Current status in cellular-based therapies for prevention and treatment of COVID-19

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 321-345 | Received 07 Aug 2022, Accepted 03 Feb 2023, Published online: 23 Feb 2023

Figures & data

Figure 1. The underlying immuno-regulatory mechanisms accompanied by T cell-dependent protective response or chemokine-mediated inflammatory response.

Figure 1. The underlying immuno-regulatory mechanisms accompanied by T cell-dependent protective response or chemokine-mediated inflammatory response.

Figure 2. The crosstalk between NK cells, T cells, and DCs induces the innate and adaptive response in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with mild to moderate symptoms.

Figure 2. The crosstalk between NK cells, T cells, and DCs induces the innate and adaptive response in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with mild to moderate symptoms.

Figure 3. The interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and host immune cells in severe COVID-19 infection.

Figure 3. The interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and host immune cells in severe COVID-19 infection.

Figure 4. Schematic representation of NK cell-induced antiviral and immuno-regulatory responses.

Figure 4. Schematic representation of NK cell-induced antiviral and immuno-regulatory responses.

Figure 5. The idiosyncratic immune-modulatory effect is associated with the paracrine factors produced by MSC-mediated therapy.

Figure 5. The idiosyncratic immune-modulatory effect is associated with the paracrine factors produced by MSC-mediated therapy.

Table 1. Examples of ongoing interventional clinical trials registered at ClinicalTrials.gov employ cellular-based therapy to treat and prevent COVID-19 infection.

Figure 6. Schematic representation of various types of cell-based therapies used for prevention or treatment of patients with severe COVID-19, including the strategies to produce these immune cells and their mechanism of actions against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Figure 6. Schematic representation of various types of cell-based therapies used for prevention or treatment of patients with severe COVID-19, including the strategies to produce these immune cells and their mechanism of actions against SARS-CoV-2 infection.