Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy – what we know and what we don’t

Figures & data

Figure 1. Adapted Jablonski diagram showing the photochemical and photophysical mechanisms of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). S₀: ground singlet state of the PS molecule; S_n: excited singlet state of the PS molecule; T₁: triplet excited state of the PS molecule; A: absorption of light; F: fluorescence emission; H: heat generation (internal conversion); ISC: inter-system crossing; P: phosphorescence emission; ³O₂: ground state oxygen; ¹O₂: singlet oxygen; O₂^−•: superoxide anion; HO^•: hydroxyl radical; H₂O₂: hydrogen peroxide.

Figure 2. Selected main PS employed for aPDT. A: Methylene Blue; B: Toluidine Blue; C: TMPyP; D: chlorin-e6; E: fullerene C60; F: SAPYR.

Table

	extinction coefficient [(mol cm)^−1]
	spectral radiant power of the respective light source [mW/nm]
c	concentration of the PS [μM]
d	thickness of the solution [mm]
λ	wavelength [nm]
c0	velocity of light [m/s]
h	Planck constant [J s]