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Review Article

The link between obesity and the gut microbiota and immune system in early-life

Maria Inês Magalhãesa Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, ICBAS – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal;b Nephrology and Infectious Diseases R&D group, i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal;c Tumor and Microenvironment Interactions group, i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal;d nBTT, NanoBiomaterials for Targeted Therapies group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal;e FMDUP – Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto, Porto, PortugalORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4804-673XView further author information
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Maria João Azevedob Nephrology and Infectious Diseases R&D group, i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal;d nBTT, NanoBiomaterials for Targeted Therapies group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal;e FMDUP – Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal;f Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9117-4684View further author information
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Flávia Castroc Tumor and Microenvironment Interactions group, i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, PortugalORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2273-2806View further author information
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Maria José Oliveirac Tumor and Microenvironment Interactions group, i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, PortugalORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0724-0272View further author information
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Ângela M. Costac Tumor and Microenvironment Interactions group, i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, PortugalORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-1043View further author information
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Benedita Sampaio Maiab Nephrology and Infectious Diseases R&D group, i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal;d nBTT, NanoBiomaterials for Targeted Therapies group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal;e FMDUP – Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto, Porto, PortugalCorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9368-8075View further author information
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Received 23 Dec 2023, Accepted 06 Apr 2024, Published online: 23 Apr 2024

Figures & data

Figure 1. Factors that influence microbiota composition in early-life, from pregnancy to birth and infancy (created with BioRender).

Figure 1. Factors that influence microbiota composition in early-life, from pregnancy to birth and infancy (created with BioRender).

Figure 2. Interactions Between intestinal commensal microorganisms and the immune system. In the figure are depicted the immune response to both pathogenic and nonpathogenic microorganisms that will trigger an inflammatory response or immunotolerance, respectively (created with biorender).

Figure 2. Interactions Between intestinal commensal microorganisms and the immune system. In the figure are depicted the immune response to both pathogenic and nonpathogenic microorganisms that will trigger an inflammatory response or immunotolerance, respectively (created with biorender).

Figure 3. Impact of maternal cardiometabolic disease and gut dysbiosis on early-life immunity (created with BioRender).

Figure 3. Impact of maternal cardiometabolic disease and gut dysbiosis on early-life immunity (created with BioRender).

Figure 4. Transmission of maternal gut microbiota and impact on the child’s immunity (created with biorender).

Figure 4. Transmission of maternal gut microbiota and impact on the child’s immunity (created with biorender).
 

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