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Narrowing the Digital Divide in Early Maths: How Different Modes of Assessment Influence Young Children’s Mathematical Test Scores

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Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic information of participants including the total, year group and gender.

Table 2. Means and standard deviations of the test scores for gender and test type.

Table 3. Mean and standard deviations of test scores for year group and test type.

Figure 1. Percentage of children who use an iPad/tablet device at home.

Figure 1. Percentage of children who use an iPad/tablet device at home.

Figure 2. Average time each gender spent using their iPad/tablet device per day.

Figure 2. Average time each gender spent using their iPad/tablet device per day.

Figure 3. Main ways of using an iPad at home.

Figure 3. Main ways of using an iPad at home.

Figure 4. Daily time spent using an iPad at home being associated with iPad mathematical test scores.

Figure 4. Daily time spent using an iPad at home being associated with iPad mathematical test scores.

Table 4. CA categories, showing how each gender answered mathematical questions on the paper test (N = 37).

Table 5. Mean rank/median scores of each CA category for both genders from the Mann-Whitney U test for the paper mathematical test.

Table 6. Mean rank/median scores of each CA category for both genders from the Mann-Whitney U test for the iPad mathematical test.

Supplemental material