Psychological skills training and perfectionism: A single-subject multiple baseline study

Figures & data

Figure 1. Perfectionistic cognitions, cognitive appraisals, and performance satisfaction, for pre, intervention, post, and 3-month follow up.

Figure 2. Negative pre-competition emotions and positive pre-competition emotions, for pre, intervention, post, and 3-month follow up.

Table 1. Changes in perfectionistic cognitions, cognitive appraisals and performance satisfaction pre- and post-intervention.

	Perfectionistic cognitions					Cognitive appraisals															Performance satisfaction
						Threat					Challenge					Loss
	Pre M SD	Post M SD	d	%	PND	Pre M SD	Post M SD	d	%	PND	Pre M SD	Post M SD	d	%	PND	Pre M SD	Post M SD	d	%	PND	Pre M SD	Post M SD	d	%	PND
A	2.10 0.26	1.81 0.34	0.96	−14	.50	0.94 0.92	0.06 0.09	2.97	−93	0	3.17 0.34	3.44 0.36	−0.78	9	.38	1.17 0.95	0.28 0.21	1.28	−76	.88	6.33 1.53	8.88 0.64	−2.17	40	.75
B	1.25 0.24	1.59 0.23	−1.46	27	0	0.79 0.53	0.05 0.08	1.96	−94	0	1.12 0.58	0.90 0.52	0.40	−19	.14	1.31 0.75	0.14 0.28	2.09	−89	.86	5.00 2.00	6.71 0.95	−1.09	34	.71
C	2.20 0.16	2.63 0.15	−2.89	20	0	1.10 0.89	0.14 0.16	1.51	−87	.50	2.77 1.38	4.11 0.17	−1.37	49	.67	0.85 1.24	0.13 0.21	0.81	−85	0	4.00 1.22	8.00 0.89	0.31	100	1
D	2.90 0.30	2.34 0.18	2.24	−19	.60	2.56 0.99	1.87 0.25	0.96	−27	0	2.39 0.56	3.76 0.08	−2.01	57	1	3.04 0.49	1.71 0.49	2.72	−44	.40	4.17 2.00	8.60 0.55	−3.02	106	1
E	3.06 0.21	3.10 0.22	−0.19	1	0	0.43 0.79	0.09 0.10	0.60	−80	0	1.69 0.46	1.71 0.32	−0.05	1	0	0.54 0.73	0.44 0.13	0.19	−18	0	6.67 1.63	7.00 0.71	−0.26	5	0

M: means; SD: standard deviations; d: Cohen’s d; %: percentage change; PND: percentage of non-overlapping data.

Table 2. Changes in pre-competition emotions pre- and post-intervention.

	Negative pre-competition emotions															Positive pre-competition emotions
	Anxiety					Dejection					Anger					Excitement					Happiness
	Pre M SD	Post M SD	d	%	PND	Pre M SD	Post M SD	d	%	PND	Pre M SD	Post M SD	d	%	PND	Pre M SD	Post M SD	d	%	PND	Pre M SD	Post M SD	d	%	PND
A	1.73 1.33	0.93 0.54	0.79	−47	.25	0.87 0.42	0.15 0.21	2.17	−83	.88	0.42 0.38	0.34 0.30	0.21	−18	0	2.75 0.00	2.72 0.36	0.12	−1	.25	2.08 0.52	2.78 0.31	−1.62	34	.75
B	2.00 0.75	0.54 0.32	2.51	−73	1	0.10 0.20	0.03 0.08	0.48	−71	0	0.38 0.75	0.11 0.20	0.49	−71	0	2.44 1.05	1.79 0.92	0.66	−27	0	1.75 1.04	1.07 0.61	0.80	−39	0
C	1.48 0.61	0.60 0.13	2.00	−59	.17	0.52 0.95	0.33 0.16	0.27	−36	0	0.45 0.67	0.17 0.20	0.57	−63	0	2.90 0.84	3.17 0.38	−0.41	9	0	2.25 0.47	2.92 0.38	−1.59	30	.67
D	1.90 0.73	1.56 0.38	0.58	−18	0	1.90 0.63	1.44 0.17	1.00	−24	0	1.79 0.66	1.20 0.27	1.16	−33	.20	1.96 0.56	3.25 0.31	−2.87	66	.80	1.54 0.29	3.35 0.58	3.93	117	1
E	0.94 0.88	0.85 0.25	0.14	−10	0	0.34 0.30	0.10 0.20	0.97	−71	.75	0.36 0.63	0.00 0.00	0.81	−100	0	1.21 0.59	0.38 0.25	1.87	−69	0	2.21 0.27	1.81 0.24	1.61	−18	.25

M: means; SD: standard deviations; d: Cohen’s d; %: percentage change; PND: percentage of non-overlapping data.