A green one-pot three-component synthesis of α-aminophosphonates under solvent-free conditions and ultrasonic irradiation using Fe₃O₄@SiO₂-imid-PMAⁿ as magnetic catalyst

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

An efficient and environment friendly process for the synthesis of α-aminophosphonates has been devised. Through a one-pot three-component condensation of various aldehydes, amines, and triethyl phosphite in the presence of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂-imid-PMAⁿ nanoparticles as magnetic catalysts under solvent-free conditions and ultrasonic irradiation, α-aminophosphonates were obtained with excellent yields. The reactions under solvent-free conditions at room temperature are compared with the ultrasonic-assisted reactions. This new procedure has notable advantages such as short reaction time, excellent yields, easy purification, and the absence of any tedious workup or purification. The aforementioned catalyst could be easily recovered by an external magnetic field and can be reused for six consecutive reaction cycles without significant loss of activity. In addition, SEM and DLS of the catalyst after the reaction cycle were investigated.

KEYWORDS:

• α-Aminophosphonates
• green synthesis
• multi-component reaction
• one-pot synthesis
• solvent-free reaction
• ultrasonic irradiation

Funding

The authors are grateful to the Council of Iran National Science Foundation and University of Shiraz for their unending effort to provide financial support to undertake this work.