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Articles

Upregulation of FHL1, SPNS3, and MPZL2 predicts poor prognosis in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia patients with FLT3-ITD mutation

, , ORCID Icon, , & ORCID Icon
Pages 1897-1906 | Received 16 Oct 2021, Accepted 16 Feb 2022, Published online: 06 Mar 2022

Figures & data

Figure 1. Clustering of the high- and low-risk AML samples based on their cytogenetics and genetic aberrations using principal component analysis (PCA).

Figure 1. Clustering of the high- and low-risk AML samples based on their cytogenetics and genetic aberrations using principal component analysis (PCA).

Figure 2. Workflow depicting the steps and methods used for the identification of genetic signature associated with poor prognosis in AML samples with FLT3-ITD mutation. AML: acute myeloid leukemia; CEBPA: CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha; DGE: differential gene expression; FLT3-ITD: FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplications; MLP: multi-layer perceptron; NPM1: nucleophosmin-1; PCA: principal component analysis; TARGET: therapeutically applicable research to generate effective treatment.

Figure 2. Workflow depicting the steps and methods used for the identification of genetic signature associated with poor prognosis in AML samples with FLT3-ITD mutation. AML: acute myeloid leukemia; CEBPA: CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha; DGE: differential gene expression; FLT3-ITD: FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplications; MLP: multi-layer perceptron; NPM1: nucleophosmin-1; PCA: principal component analysis; TARGET: therapeutically applicable research to generate effective treatment.

Table 1. Type of mutation, number of samples and risk category of TARGET high- and low-risk samples.

Figure 3. Clustering of the AML samples with FLT3-ITD and NPM1/CEBPA mutations using the 22 DEGs selected by RFE using (A) principal component analysis (PCA) and (B) hierarchical clustering using pheatmap R package.

Figure 3. Clustering of the AML samples with FLT3-ITD and NPM1/CEBPA mutations using the 22 DEGs selected by RFE using (A) principal component analysis (PCA) and (B) hierarchical clustering using pheatmap R package.

Table 2. List of the 22 DEGs selected by RFE genes with * was used in the ML model.

Figure 4. Kaplan–Meier’s plots of overall survival of patients with FLT3-ITD and NPM1/CEBPA mutations for survival scores above the median (continuous line), corresponding to high expression, and below the median (dotted line), corresponding to low expression, for the genes with positive Cox coefficients (A) FHL1, (B) SPNS3, and (C) MPZL2.

Figure 4. Kaplan–Meier’s plots of overall survival of patients with FLT3-ITD and NPM1/CEBPA mutations for survival scores above the median (continuous line), corresponding to high expression, and below the median (dotted line), corresponding to low expression, for the genes with positive Cox coefficients (A) FHL1, (B) SPNS3, and (C) MPZL2.

Table 3. The list of the DEGs related to overall survival and their corresponding coefficient values from the Cox regression model.