Epidemiology and survival of primary extraosseous plasmacytoma: insights from a population-based study with a 20-year follow-up

Abstract

Primary extraosseous plasmacytoma (PEP) is a rare and localized form of plasmacytoma that is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the clinical features and prognostic factors associated with PEP. Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, a total of 1044 patients diagnosed with PEP between 2000 and 2019 were identified. The average age was 60.3 ± 15.2 years, with 64.3% being male (male: female = 1.8:1) and 53.8% being over 60-year old. The survival outcome of patients with PEP depends on several factors including age, race, marital status, and treatment options such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, which were also identified as independent predictors of overall survival for PEP. Patients who were younger, Asian or Pacific Islander, American Indian or Native American, and received radiotherapy or surgery had a more favorable prognosis, while those who underwent chemotherapy had poorer outcomes.

Keywords:

• Extraosseous plasmacytoma
• SEER
• survival
• outcome
• nomogram

Acknowledgments

The interpretation of the data is the sole responsibility of the authors. The authors acknowledge the efforts of the National Cancer Institute and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results SEER Program tumor registries in the creation of the SEER database.

Author contributions

Conceptualization, F.W.; methodology, F.W.; software, F.W.; validation, F.W., L.F.H., and J.Y.W.; formal analysis, F.W., L.F.H., and J.Y.W.; investigation, F.W.; resources, F.W.; data curation, F.W.; writing—original draft preparation, F.W.; writing—review and editing, F.W. and LF.H.; visualization, F.W. and LF.H.; supervision, F.W.; project administration, F.W.; funding acquisition, F.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The data analyzed in this study are from the SEER database (https://seer.cancer.gov/) that are available to the public.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82070174. The funder had no role in study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.