Explaining confidence in the police within transitional Hong Kong: the influence of postmaterial values

Figures & data

Table 1. Confidence in the police among Hong Kong respondents (Source, Wave 5–7 of the World Values Survey).

	2005–2009 (Wave 5)	2010–2014 (Wave 6)	2017–2020 (Wave 7)
A great deal	11%	25%	14%
Quite a lot	71%	55%	53%
Not very much	16%	17%	26%
None at all	1%	3%	6%

Table 2. Predicting low confidence in the police – Models 1 and 2.

	Model 1			Model 2
Variable(reference)	Odds Ratio	95% C. I.		Odds Ratio	95% C. I.
		Lower	Upper		Lower	Upper
Age (55+)
15–34	1.96**	1.49	2.60	1.86***	1.40	2.48
35–54	1.35*	1.05	1.73	1.21	0.94	1.56
Sex (Male)	0.82*	0.67	0.99	0.87	0.71	1.06
Education (None/Primary)
Secondary	1.31	0.95	1.83	1.35	0.96	1.89
Further	1.99**	1.28	3.11	2.11**	1.33	3.34
Higher	2.35***	1.61	3.42	2.55***	1.73	3.76
Crime (Not at all/not frequent)
Fear of Crime				0.38***	0.30	0.49
Robbery				1.26	0.89	1.78
Drugs				0.63**	0.44	0.89
Violence				0.83	0.61	1.14
Nagelkerke R	.07				.12
N	2075				2075

Table 3. Predicting low confidence in the police – Models 3 and 4.

	Model 3			Model 4
Variable(reference)	Odds Ratio	95% C. I.		Odds Ratio	95% C. I.
		Lower	Upper		Lower	Upper
Age (55+)
15–34	1.83***	1.37	2.44	1.30	0.96	1.77
35–54	1.18	0.91	1.52	0.92	0.70	1.21
Sex (Male)	0.88	0.72	1.08	0.89	0.72	1.09
Education (None/Primary)
Secondary	1.34	0.95	1.90	1.01	0.69	1.47
Further	2.15**	1.35	3.42	1.53	0.93	2.55
Higher	2.70***	1.09	2.68	1.88**	1.21	2.92
Crime (Not at all/not frequent)
Fear of Crime	0.41***	0.36	0.61	0.45***	0.35	0.58
Robbery	1.21	0.89	1.82	1.26	0.88	1.81
Drugs	0.62*	0.47	0.97	0.63*	0.44	0.90
Violence	0.83	0.56	1.06	0.82	0.59	1.12
Immigration (Open to all)
If have a job	1.37	0.74	2.52	1.41	0.77	2.59
Strict limits	1.90*	1.08	3.61	1.94*	1.07	3.52
Prohibit all	2.31*	1.29	6.16	2.52*	1.17	5.44
Information Sources (Never)
Newspapers				0.89*	0.83	0.96
TV				0.76***	0.69	0.83
Radio				1.03	0.96	1.11
Talking				0.98	0.89	1.08
New Media				1.06***	1.03	1.08
Nagelkerke R		.13			.17
N		2075			2075

Table 4. Predicting low confidence in the police – Model 5.

	Model 5
Variable(reference)	Odds Ratio	95% C. I.
		Lower	Upper
Age (55+)
15–34	1.08	0.78	1.48
35–54	0.91	0.69	1.20
Sex (Male)	0.79*	0.64	0.98
Education (None/Primary)
Secondary	0.87	0.59	1.28
Further	1.32	0.78	2.22
Higher	1.56	0.99	2.46
Crime (Not at all/not frequent)
Fear of Crime	0.48***	0.37	0.62
Robbery	1.29	0.90	1.86
Drugs	0.67*	0.46	0.96
Violence	0.76	0.55	1.05
Immigration (Open to all)
If have a job	1.35	0.72	2.52
Strict limits	1.95*	1.05	3.61
Prohibit all	2.73*	1.24	6.02
Information Sources (Never)
Newspapers	0.89*	0.83	0.96
Television	0.78***	0.71	0.86
Radio	1.01	0.94	1.08
Talk to friends	0.97	0.88	1.07
New Media	1.06***	1.03	1.09
Postmaterialism	1.43***	1.32	1.55
Nagelkerke R		.22
N		2075