Transformative Virtual Reality Games for Adaptive Sports Training: Exploring the Perceptions of Individuals with Mobility Impairments

Figures & data

Figure 1. Power Soccer.

Figure 2. Volt Hockey.

Table 1. Summary of participants’ demographics.

PID	Mobility Impairment	Experience with VR	Experience with Video Games
P01	Muscle disease affecting all muscles	Some experience	Core player
P02	Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)	Never used before	Casual player
P03	Duchenne muscular dystrophy	Tried a couple times	Casual player
P04	Muscle disease affecting most muscles	Never used before	Core player
P05	C4/5 Quadriplegic (spinal cord injury)	Tried a couple times	Newbie/novice player
P06	Not disclosed	Tried a couple times	Core player
P07	Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC)	Tried a couple times	Core player
P08	Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)	Never used before	Casual player
P09	Muscle strength reduction	Tried a couple times	Expert player
P10	Hard to walk	Extensive experience	Expert player
P11	Paraplegic	Never used before	Casual player
P12	Spinal cord lesion at C1	Tried a couple times	Core player
P13	Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD)	Never used before	Core player
P14	Quadriplegic (Guillain-Barre Syndrome)	Extensive experience	Casual player
P15	Muscle and mobility reduction	Tried a couple times	Core player

Table 2. Summary of participants’ expectations/recommendations.

PID	Expectations/Recommendations
P01	Practice shooting the ball or passing.  Spin kicks seem like most useful. Perhaps speed and accuracy as well in these two areas.
P02	A series of drills Specific skill practice like passing, shooting, and maneuvering Scoring based on how accurate/fast you are Adjustable game difficulty Tips on drills to run and feedback on performance
P03	Simulate different teams playing style so players can prepare for games against specific teams
P04	Ideas on how this can work for someone who can not stand or has limited arm movement Explain the rules or why you can or can not do something
P05	Simulating different angles of ball speed coming in and allowing for practice spinning, hitting on the side of the guard, and directly from the front of the guard Simulating set plays such as corner kicks, sideline kicks, Goal Kicks, kicks generated from 2-1 penalties, and penalty kicks
P06	Make it as realistic as possible
P07	The ability to track how high level athletes handle their joystick Seeing their controller input in game situations could help lower level players
P08	Call out fouls Teach techniques Maybe it can be online so you can play with friends
P09	Being able to setup starting positions during start of play and during freekicks. Learn basic rules and basic principles of play, goaltending, defensive/offensive play. Practice shots, passes or other drills. Training packs which features all from shooting, dribbling and steering control (e.g., Rocket League)
P10	See a overview off the field to see what u can do in a attack and defensive look good to make a bird view off it
P11	The ability to simulate games Practice visualizing and setting up screens/plays
P12	Being able to do drills like the training packs in the game Rocket League. Maybe a implementing a few drills would be a good starting point for an app. Then progress to implementing full gameplay and ultimately multiplayer gameplay.
P13	No response
P14	No response
P15	Several setups for different courses and/or multiplayer