Coral Morph: An Artistic Shape-Changing Textile Installation for Mindful Emotion Regulation in the Wild

Figures & data

Figure 1. The feedback system of Coral Morph.

Figure 2. The design and evaluation framework of Coral Morph.

Figure 3. Two different states of Coral Morph during shape-changing movement.

Table 1. Participants ’demographic information.

Gender	Males= 25, Females = 30
Age	M: 37.90, SDT: 0.90
Education	High school qualification or lower = 0 Undergraduate degree = 51 Postgraduate degree = 4

Figure 4. The exhibition. (a) The pulse sensor connected to the participant’s finger; (b) one participant interacting with Coral Morph.

Figure 5. The frequency of emotions occurred (a) before and (b) during the interaction.

Figure 6. The Emotional Wheel with top identified emotions highlighted.

Figure 7. The data distribution graph of facial emotions..

Table 2. Descriptive statistics for the facial emotions.

Facial emotions	N	Mean	Std. deviation	Min.	Max.	Percentiles
						25th	50th (Median)	75th
Before	22	0.727	1.077	0	3	0	0	2
During	22	22.360	32.188	0	106	2	7	32.500

Table 3. Test of normality for the facial emotions.

Facial emotions	Skewness
Before the interaction	1.106 + 0.490
During the interaction	1.650 + 0.490

Table 4. Descriptive statistics for the SAM arousal and valence.

	N	Min.	Max.	Mean	Std. deviation
Valence	55	1	9	6.890	1.812
Arousal	55	2	9	6.363	1.735

Figure 8. A radar plot of the average BMIS.

Table 5. Descriptive statistics for the BMIS dimensions.

BMI dimensions	N	Range	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	Std. deviation
Pleasant-Unpleasant	55	4.130	−1.130	3.000	0.612	0.907
Arousal-Calm	55	2.000	−1.200	0.800	−0.080	0.380
Positive-Tired	55	4.800	−1.800	3.000	0.541	0.956
Negative-Relaxed	55	4.500	−2.750	1.750	−0.059	1.199

Table 6. Between-subjects effects.

Source	Dependent variable	Type III sum of squares	df	Mean square	F	Sig.
Age	BMIS Pleasant-Unpleasant	19.093	23	0.830	0.904	0.595
	BMIS Arousal-Calm	3.925	23	0.171	1.317	0.265
	BMIS Positive-Tired	24.619	23	1.070	1.203	0.337
	BMIS Negative-Relaxed	24.341	23	1.058	0.514	0.939
	SAM Valence	76.386	23	3.321	0.856	0.643
	SAM Arousal	68.880	23	2.995	0.858	0.642
Gender	BMIS Pleasant-Unpleasant	2.967	1	2.967	3.23	0.087
	BMIS Arousal-Calm	0.657	1	0.657	5.071	0.035**
	BMIS Positive-Tired	4.764	1	4.764	5.356	0.031**
	BMIS Negative-Relaxed	1.073	1	1.073	0.521	0.479
	SAM Valence	6.446	1	6.446	1.661	0.211
	SAM Arousal	4.198	1	4.198	1.202	0.285
Age *	BMIS Pleasant-Unpleasant	6.793	9	0.755	0.822	0.603
Gender	BMIS Arousal-Calm	0.308	9	0.034	0.264	0.978
	BMIS Positive-Tired	7.022	9	0.780	0.877	0.560
	BMIS Negative-Relaxed	10.472	9	1.164	0.565	0.810
	SAM Valence	16.517	9	1.835	0.473	0.877
	SAM Arousal	14.860	9	1.651	0.473	0.877

**Indicates significant values.

Table 7. Self-reported emotions according to gender.

	Male		Female
	Mean	Std. deviation	Mean	Std. deviation
BMIS Pleasant-Unpleasant	0.651	0.866	0.579	0.953
BMIS Arousal-Calm	0.028	0.358	−0.170	0.379
BMIS Positive-Tired	0.628	0.872	0.470	1.029
BMIS Negative-Relaxed	0.000	1.072	−0.108	1.312
SAM Valence	7.200	1.607	6.633	1.956
SAM Arousal	6.680	1.700	6.100	1.748

Table 8. Mindfulness, arousal, and valence difference.

	Practice mindfulness		Do not practice mindfulness
	Mean	Std. deviation	Mean	Std. deviation
Arousal	6.660	1.530	5.500	2.070
Valence	7.150	1.510	6.140	2.410

Table 9. MANOVA with Roy’s largest root.

Effect: Roy’s largest root	Value	F	Hypothesis df	Error df	Sig.
TMMS Attention	49.862	49.862	3	3	0.005**
TMMS Clarity	2.498	2.498	2	2	0.286
TMMS Repair	0.266	0.266	2	2	0.790

**Indicates a significant value.

Table 10. Between-subjects effects.

Source	Dependent variable	Type III sum of squares	df	Mean square	F	Sig.
TMMS	BMIS Pleasant-Unpleasant	1.538	3	0.513	0.255	0.854
Attention	BMIS Arousal-Calm	0.740	3	0.247	37	0.007**
	BMIS Positive-Tired	2.112	3	0.704	0.365	0.785
	BMIS Negative-Relaxed	5.229	3	1.743	0.528	0.694
	SAM Valence	1.667	3	0.556	0.667	0.626
	SAM Arousal	1.667	3	0.556	0.833	0.558
TMMS	BMIS Pleasant-Unpleasant	0.638	1	0.638	0.318	0.612
Clarity	BMIS Arousal-Calm	0.045	1	0.045	6.750	0.081
	BMIS Positive-Tired	0.320	1	0.320	0.166	0.711
	BMIS Negative-Relaxed	1.531	1	1.531	0.464	0.545
	SAM Valence	0	1	0	0	1
	SAM Arousal	0.500	1	0.500	0.750	0.450
TMMS	BMIS Pleasant-Unpleasant	0.781	1	0.781	0.389	0.577
Repair	BMIS Arousal-Calm	0.005	1	0.005	0.750	0.450
	BMIS Positive-Tired	0.980	1	0.980	0.509	0.527
	BMIS Negative-Relaxed	2	1	2	0.606	0.493
	SAM Valence	0.500	1	0.500	0.600	0.495
	SAM Arousal	2	1	2	3	0.182

**Indicates a significant value.

Table 11. Trait-meta mood scale (TMMS) dimensions descriptive statistics.

TMMS dimensions	N	Min.	Max.	Mean	Std. deviation
TMMS Attention	55	8	40	28.636	7.144
TMMS Clarity	55	14	40	29.236	6.274
TMMS Repair	55	9	40	29.163	6.906

Table 12. Descriptive statistics for the STQ.

STQ dimensions	N	Min.	Max.	Mean	Std. deviation
Attitudes toward shape change	55	−4	5	1.327	2.610
Attitudes toward giving touch	55	−12	6	−2.072	4.022
Attitudes toward receiving touch	55	−8	0	−3.672	1.599
Willingness to maintain interaction	55	−8	−2	−5.890	1.486

Table 13. Descriptive statistics for the GQS dimensions.

GQS dimensions	N	Min.	Max.	Mean	Std. deviation
Animacy	55	1.170	5	3.781	1.028
Likeability	55	1.600	5	4.021	0.902
Perceived intelligence	55	1.800	5	3.989	0.889
Perceived safety	55	2	5	4.060	0.826
Perceived interest	55	2	5	4.036	0.767

Table 14. Descriptive statistics for the PSI dimensions.

PSI dimensions	N	Min.	Max.	Mean	Std. deviation
Recognize emotions	55	2	5	3.860	0.760
Recognize behaviors	55	3	5	4.066	0.633
Adapt to emotions	55	2	5	3.963	0.736
Adapt to behaviors	55	2.500	5	4.081	0.712

Figure 9. Five themes generated from the verbal reports during the experience.

Data availability statement

The pseudo anonymized data supporting the findings of this study can be requested from the corresponding author.