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Research Article

From Distraction to Action: Elevating Situation Awareness with Visual Assistance in Level 3 Autonomous Driving

Yancong ZhuFaculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, ChinaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4354-6399View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Chengyu LiFaculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, ChinaView further author information
,
Zixuan QiaoFaculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, ChinaView further author information
,
Rong QuFaculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, ChinaView further author information
,
Yu WangFaculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, ChinaView further author information
,
Jiaqing XiongFaculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, ChinaView further author information
&
Wei LiuFaculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, ChinaCorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3315-5370View further author information
ORCID Icon show all
Received 12 Dec 2023, Accepted 29 Apr 2024, Published online: 11 Jun 2024

Figures & data

Figure 1. Experimental vehicle and simulator.

Figure 1. Experimental vehicle and simulator.

Figure 2. The driving scenarios, i.e., full marking condition (top) and key marking (bottom) condition.

Figure 2. The driving scenarios, i.e., full marking condition (top) and key marking (bottom) condition.

Figure 3. The takeover and experimental procedures.

Figure 3. The takeover and experimental procedures.

Figure 4. The SAGAT score, i.e., comparing visual assistance within a fixed task type (top) and comparing task types within a fixed visual assistance (bottom).

Figure 4. The SAGAT score, i.e., comparing visual assistance within a fixed task type (top) and comparing task types within a fixed visual assistance (bottom).

Figure 5. The cognitive load score, i.e., comparing visual assistance within a fixed task type (top) and comparing task types within a fixed visual assistance (bottom).

Figure 5. The cognitive load score, i.e., comparing visual assistance within a fixed task type (top) and comparing task types within a fixed visual assistance (bottom).

Figure 6. The AOI fixation duration, i.e., comparing visual assistance within a fixed task type (top) and comparing task types within a fixed visual assistance (bottom).

Figure 6. The AOI fixation duration, i.e., comparing visual assistance within a fixed task type (top) and comparing task types within a fixed visual assistance (bottom).

Figure 7. The first fixation time, i.e., comparing visual assistance within a fixed task type (top) and comparing task types within a fixed visual assistance (bottom).

Figure 7. The first fixation time, i.e., comparing visual assistance within a fixed task type (top) and comparing task types within a fixed visual assistance (bottom).

Figure 8. The saccade duration, i.e., comparing visual assistance within a fixed task type (top) and comparing task types within a fixed visual assistance (bottom).

Figure 8. The saccade duration, i.e., comparing visual assistance within a fixed task type (top) and comparing task types within a fixed visual assistance (bottom).

Table

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