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Technical Papers

Winter and Summer Characteristics of Airborne Particles Inside Emperor Qin's Terra-Cotta Museum, China: A Study by Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry

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Pages 914-922 | Published online: 29 Aug 2011

Figures & data

Figure 1. The three sampling sites in the Exhibition Hall, in Pit 1, and on the roof of office building (Outdoor) are marked with stars.

Figure 1. The three sampling sites in the Exhibition Hall, in Pit 1, and on the roof of office building (Outdoor) are marked with stars.

Table 1. Microclimate data during winter and summer sampling periods

Figure 2. The daytime/nighttime mass concentration ratios of airborne particles collected in the Exhibition Hall, in Pit 1, and outdoors during winter and summer sampling periods. The black diamonds illustrate the number of visitors that entered the Museum on each sampling days.

Figure 2. The daytime/nighttime mass concentration ratios of airborne particles collected in the Exhibition Hall, in Pit 1, and outdoors during winter and summer sampling periods. The black diamonds illustrate the number of visitors that entered the Museum on each sampling days.

Table 2. Indoor/outdoor ratios of airborne particle mass concentrations in EH at daytime (EHD) and at nighttime (EHN), in Pit 1 at daytime (P1D) and at nighttime (P1N), and the visitor numbers on the sampling days

Figure 3. Number percentages of particles in each size range in samples collected EH at daytime (EHD) and at nighttime (EHN), in Pit 1 at daytime (P1D) and at nighttime (P1N), and at outdoor site at daytime (ODD) and at nighttime (ODN) during winter and summer sampling periods.

Figure 3. Number percentages of particles in each size range in samples collected EH at daytime (EHD) and at nighttime (EHN), in Pit 1 at daytime (P1D) and at nighttime (P1N), and at outdoor site at daytime (ODD) and at nighttime (ODN) during winter and summer sampling periods.

Figure 4. Classification and number percentage of each group in winter and summer airborne particles collected in EH at daytime (EHD) and at nighttime (EHN), in Pit 1 at daytime (P1D) and at nighttime (P1N), and at outdoor site at daytime (ODD) and at nighttime (ODN).

Figure 4. Classification and number percentage of each group in winter and summer airborne particles collected in EH at daytime (EHD) and at nighttime (EHN), in Pit 1 at daytime (P1D) and at nighttime (P1N), and at outdoor site at daytime (ODD) and at nighttime (ODN).

Table 3. Number percentage of each subgroup in daytime and nighttime S-containing particles collected in EH at daytime (EHD) and at nighttime (EHN), in Pit 1 at daytime (P1D) and at nighttime (P1N), and at outdoor site at daytime (ODD) and at nighttime (ODN) during winter and summer sampling periods

Figure 5. Scanning electron micrograph of typical S-containing particles on Nucleopore filters collected in EH (a, c, d) and Pit 1(b, e, f).

Figure 5. Scanning electron micrograph of typical S-containing particles on Nucleopore filters collected in EH (a, c, d) and Pit 1(b, e, f).

Figure 6. EDX X-mapping image and scanning electron micrograph of a Fe-containing aluminosilicate fly ash surrounded by several calcium sulfate particles.

Figure 6. EDX X-mapping image and scanning electron micrograph of a Fe-containing aluminosilicate fly ash surrounded by several calcium sulfate particles.

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