Digital Religious Communication and the Facilitation of Social Resilience, Part 1: Theoretical Model and Proposal

Figures & data

Figure 1. “Google Books N-gram Viewer” of the English corpus for the terms “social resilience, community resilience, organizational resilience, organizational resilience” (Case-Insensitive with Smoothing of 1) in the period from 1970 to 2019.

Figure 2. “Google Books N-gram Viewer” of the German corpus for the term “soziale Resilienz” (Case-Insensitive with Smoothing of 1) in the period from 1970 to 2019.

Figure 3. Development of an idealized infrastructure system’s quality $Q(t)$ when a crisis occurs at time $Q,$ and the pre-crisis level is fully restored by time $Q\left(t\right)$ (Bruneau et al., 2003, p. 737). The area shaded-in (by Fröh/Robinson) corresponds to the loss of resilience.

Figure 4. McAllister’s resilience model depicting two different trajectories of an infrastructure system’s functionality over the course of a crisis (McAllister, 2016, p. 2).

Figure 5. Development of a social system’s quality $Q\left(t\right)$ with the four necessary conditions resulting from the overlapping natural- and social-scientific perspectives on resilience identified in the literature.

Figure 6. Two developments, A and B, of a social system’s quality $R$ from the occurrence of a crisis until shortly after the further development of this crisis or until shortly after the occurrence of a related crisis.

Figure 7. Illustration of the three social-scientific development lines “stability“, “recovery time” and “future security” based on two developments of a system’s quality $Q(t)$.

Figure 8. Plot of the resilience integrals’ areas according to Bruneau et al. based on two developments of a system’s quality (green filled: A; blue dotted: B).

Figure 9. Combined model of social resilience of the developments A and B, with the areas of the resilience integrals $Q\left(t\right)$ marked (green filled: A; blue dotted: B).

Figure 10. Communication-centered resilience framework from Houston et al (Houston, Spialek et al., 2015, p. 274).

Bruneau, M. [Michel], S. Chang, R. Eguchi, G. Lee, O.’ Rourke T. Reinhorn, A. Shinozuka, M. Tierney, K. Wallace, W. Von Winterfeldt, et al. “A Framework to Quantitatively Assess and Enhance the Seismic Resilience of Communities.” Earthquake Spectra, vol. 19, no. 4, 2003, pp. 733–52. doi: 10.1193/1.1623497.

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Houston, B., M. Spialek, J. Cox, M. Greenwood, and J. First. “The Centrality of Communication and Media in Fostering Community Resilience: A Framework for Assessment and Intervention.” American Behavioral Scientist (Scientist), vol. 59, no. 2, 2015, pp. 270–83. doi: 10.1177/0002764214548563.

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