Supporting scientific modeling practices in atmospheric sciences: intended and actual affordances of a computer-based modeling tool

Abstract

Computer-based learning tools include design features to enhance learning but learners may not always perceive the existence of these features and use them in desirable ways. There might be a gap between what the tool features are designed to offer (intended affordance) and what they are actually used (actual affordance). This study thus aims at investigating how the design features of a computer-based tool supported high school students' modeling practices in atmospheric sciences. Twenty-three 10th graders participated in 16 hours of learning activities by using the tool. We conducted a detailed analysis of students' computer activities, their use of the design features, and their building, testing, analyzing, and evaluating practices. The analysis showed that while some design features such as Variable List and Testing Variables were perceived by students and successfully afforded their enactment of building and analyzing practices, other features including Screen Shot and Edit were rarely used or not utilized in the desirable ways. Based on the findings, this study suggests that the realization of intended affordances may involve factors of learners' characteristics, the nature of learning activities, and the complexity of tasks, and constructs an affordance analysis scheme to inform the design of computer-based learning tools.

Keywords:

• affordance
• learning technology
• modeling practices
• modeling tool
• atmospheric sciences

Acknowledgements

This study was based upon work supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan under NSC 100-2511-S-003-042-MY3 and the Aim for the Top University Project at the National Taiwan Normal University. We thank editors and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments.

Notes on contributors

Pai-Hsing Wu is a PhD student in the Graduate Institute of Science Education at the National Taiwan Normal University. His research interests include educational technology and science education.

Hsin-Kai Wu is a professor in the Graduate Institute of Science Education at the National Taiwan Normal University, and a principal investigator in the Centre for Technology-Infused Learning Environments. Her research interests include learning technologies, chemistry visualization, scientific inscriptions, and inquiry learning.

Che-Yu Kuo is a postdoctoral researcher in the Graduate Institute of Science Education at the National Taiwan Normal University.

Ying-Shao Hsu is an adjunct professor in the Graduate Institute of Science Education and the Department of Earth Sciences at the National Taiwan Normal University. Her expertise in research includes technology-assisted learning, inquiry learning of science, science curriculum design, and earth science education.