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Research Article

Facial expressions capturing emotional engagement while learning with desktop VR: the impact of emotional regulation and personality traits

Received 21 Jun 2022, Accepted 22 Apr 2023, Published online: 04 May 2023

Figures & data

Figure 1. Screenshots of the VR simulation while a student’s avatar: a. Assessing patient health status; b. Performing hand hygiene procedures; c. Choosing the right medication from the medicine cabinet.

Figure 1. Screenshots of the VR simulation while a student’s avatar: a. Assessing patient health status; b. Performing hand hygiene procedures; c. Choosing the right medication from the medicine cabinet.

Figure 2. A screenshot of the real-time facial expression data collection while a student is learning with the VR based simulation.

Figure 2. A screenshot of the real-time facial expression data collection while a student is learning with the VR based simulation.

Figure 3. The mean change in students’ emotions as measured by facial expression analysis (time percentage) according to the VR simulation stages (minutes).

Figure 3. The mean change in students’ emotions as measured by facial expression analysis (time percentage) according to the VR simulation stages (minutes).

Table 1. Bivariate intercorrelations between personality traits, SRE strategies and emotional engagement as measured by facial expressions.

Table 2. Summary of two multivariate hierarchical regression analyses to explain emotional engagement in terms of anger and sadness (N = 61).

Figure 4. A mediation model for demonstrating the impact of the reappraisal strategy on the association between conscientiousness and agreeableness personality traits and anger.

Figure 4. A mediation model for demonstrating the impact of the reappraisal strategy on the association between conscientiousness and agreeableness personality traits and anger.

Figure 5. A mediation model to demonstrate the impact of the suppression maladaptive SRE strategy on the association between the agreeableness personality trait and sadness.

Figure 5. A mediation model to demonstrate the impact of the suppression maladaptive SRE strategy on the association between the agreeableness personality trait and sadness.