Exposure to Imidacloprid under variable conditions disturbs the muscle fatty acid profile of a fresh water non target fish: Labeo rohita

Figures & data

Table 1. Effect of short term exposure of Imidacloprid on muscle fatty acid (%) profile of Labeo rohita.

Type of Fatty acid	Fatty acid	2 days control group	Imidacloprid exposure for 2 days	p-value	4 days control group	Imidacloprid exposure for 4 days	p-value	8 days control group	Imidacloprid exposure for 8 days	p-value
SFA	C14:0 M Myristic acid	2.1 ± 0.6	2.07 ± 0.26	0.7	2.21 ± 0.5	1.99 ± 0.52	0.51	ND	ND	ND
	C15:0 Pentadecanoic acid	0.97 ± 0.17	0.99 ± 0.25	0.88	1.47 ± 0.3	0.91 ± 0.12	0.08	ND	ND	ND
	C16:0 Palmitic acid	26.2 ± 4.4	26.7 ± 3.1	0.8	25.7 ± 4.3	26.2 ± 5.2	0.86	23.7 ± 2.4	13.9 ± 0.01	0.02*
	C17:0 Heptadecanoic acid	1.5 ± 0.3	1.7 ± 0.34	0.35	2.2 ± 0.7	1.464 ± 0.436	0.14	ND	ND	ND
	C18:0 Stearic acid	5.42 ± 0.68	5.33 ± 0.6	0.77	6.2 ± 0.59	5.437 ± 0.597	0.08	6.5 ± 0.5	6.4 ± 0.001	0.7
	C20:0 Arachidic acid	2.58 ± 0.76	2.4 ± 1.8	0.76	1.91 ± 0.64	1.735 ± 0.430	0.71	5.2 ± 0.002	9.18 ± 0.001	p < 0.001***
	C24:0 Lignoceric acid	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
MUFA	C14:1 Myristoleic acid	1.42 ± 0.35	1.38 ± 0.22	0.77	1.4 ± 0.22	1.24 ± 0.2	0.20
	C15:1 cis-10 pentadecanoic acid	1.02 ± 0.4	1.01 ± 0.36	0.96	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
	C16:1 Palmitoleic acid	9.5 ± 3.4	10.2 ± 3.1	0.63	8.55 ± 2.87	9.1 ± 2.7	0.74	ND	ND	ND
	C 18:1 n 9 Oleic acid	21.9 ± 6.4	21.6 ± 5.4	0.92	23.25 ± 7.49	23.9 ± 4.9	0.88	14.1 ± 3.8	8.5 ± 0.001	0.13
	18:1n7c Linoleic acid	9.1 ± 2.5	7.9 ± 1.42	0.2	6.80 ± 1.14	8.97 ± 2.4	0.1	6.2 ± 1.2	3.597 ± 0.001	0.06
n-6 PUFA	C20:4 Arachidonic acid ω6	ND	ND	ND	2.28 ± 1.01	1.5 ± 0.3	0.5	ND	ND	ND
n-3 PUFA	C18:3 α –linolenic acid ω 3	2.09 ± 0.8	1.8 ± 0.86	0.59	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
n-6 PUFA	C 18:2 n 6t C18:2 Linoleic acid (LA) ω 6	3.8 ± 0.99	3.9 ± 1.2	0.96	4.83 ± 1.96	4.1 ± 1.2	0.69	ND	ND	ND
	C22:6 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ω 6	ND	ND	ND	2.233 ± 0.819	1.57 ± 0.41	0.31 ^NS	ND	ND	ND

Where SFA = Saturated fatty acids, MUFA = Monounsaturated fatty acids, PUFA = Polyunsaturated fatty acids and ND = Not determined.

p > 0.05 = Non significant; p < 0.05 = Least significant (*); p < 0.001 = Highly significant (***).

All the data is expressed as mean ± standard deviation. p-values represents the outcome of two sample student t-test calculated for a particular fatty acid.

Table 2. Effect of short term exposure of Imidacloprid on muscle fatty acid (%) profile of Labeo rohita.

Type of Fatty acid	Fatty acid	16 days control group	Imidacloprid exposure for 16 days	p-value	32 days control group	Imidacloprid exposure for 32 days	p-value	64 days control group	Imidacloprid exposure for 64 days	p-value
SFA	C14:0 M Myristic acid	1.4 ± 0.3	1.5 ± 0.53	0.76	1.4 ± 0.32	1.46 ± 0.45	0.68	1.9 ± 0.6	2.1 ± 0.76	0.76
	C15:0 Pentadecanoic acid	1.15 ± 0.3	1.1 ± 0.04	0.52	2.8 ± 0.9	2.38 ± 1.2	0.59	1.1 ± 0.1	2.8 ± 3.03	0.44
	C16:0 Palmitic acid	24.4 ± 3.5	20.9 ± 7.0	0.26	20.4 ± 6.2	21.0 ± 2.5	0.84	24.6 ± 2.1	18.6 ± 5.5	0.04 *
	C17:0 Heptadecanoic acid	1.6 ± 0.5	1.4 ± 0.4	0.66	3.8 ± 3.7	1.98 ± 1.1	0.35	1.7 ± 0.4	2.73 ± 2.8	0.53
	C18:0 Stearic acid	6.1 ± 1.3	6.4 ± 2.6	0.74	5.97 ± 0.8	5.6 ± 0.99	0.43	6.6 ± 1.7	7.44 ± 1.1	0.49
	C20:0 Arachidic acid	3.1 ± 2.2	3.9 ± 2.4	0.58	4.9 ± 1.9	4.3 ± 2.8	0.66	3.9 ± 0.7	6.6 ± 4.12	0.14
	C24:0 Lignoceric acid	2.2 ± 1.1	2.9 ± 1.43	0.43	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
MUFA	C14:1 Myristoleic acid	2.4 ± 1.4	2.3 ± 1.8	0.97	1.9 ± 0.90	1.4 ± 0.8	0.35	1.3 ± 0.3	1.48 ± 0.7	0.72
	C15:1 cis-10 Pentadecanoic acid	4.1 ± 3.6	3.8 ± 1.6	0.86	2.9 ± 2.2	3.3 ± 1.6	0.74	1.8 ± 1.5	6.7 ± 5.5	0.08
	C16:1 Palmitoleic acid	12.7 ± 5.2	6.9 ± 4.7	0.05	11.6 ± 4.6	7.1 ± 3.9	0.07	7.5 ± 0.6	5.4 ± 2.1	0.06
	C 18:1 n 9 Oleic acid	15.4 ± 4.2	12.7 ± 5.7	0.31	10.9 ± 4.8	20.1 ± 4.5	0.002**	21.5 ± 3.4	13.1 ± 6.6	0.03 *
	18:1n7c Linoleic acid	6.6 ± 2.7	5.2 ± 2.3	0.31	5.7 ± 1.24	12.1 ± 3.9	0.002**	8.9 ± 2.4	7.4 ± 3.3	0.46
n-6 PUFA	C20:4 Arachidonic acid ω6	3.1 ± 1.96	4.7 ± 3.8	0.36	2.8 ± 1.3	1.88 ± 0.5	0.54	ND	ND	ND
n-3 PUFA	C18:3 α –linolenic acid ω 3	3.6 ± 1.3	4.86 ± 3.7	0.53	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
n-6 PUFA	C 18:2 n 6t C18:2 Linoleic acid ω 6	3.42 ± 0.97	4.3 ± 1.8	0.25	2.9 ± 1.2	3.4 ± 0.7	0.6	3.9 ± 0.4	3.4 ± 0.37	0.175
	C22:6 Docosahexaenoic acid ω 6	1.9 ± 0.35	2.14 ± 0.6	0.4	3.3 ± 0.72	2.2 ± 1.2	0.07	1.9 ± 0.9	3.1 ± 0.49	0.15

Where SFA = Saturated fatty acids, MUFA = Monounsaturated fatty acids, PUFA = Polyunsaturated fatty acids and ND = Not determined.

p > 0.05 = Non significant; p < 0.05 = Least significant (*); p < 0.01 = Significant (**).

All the data is expressed as mean ± standard deviation. p-values represent the outcome of two sample student t-test calculated for a particular fatty acid.