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Original Articles

Therapeutic factors and language patterns in group therapy application of computer-assisted text analysis to the examination of microprocesses in group therapy: Preliminary findings

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Pages 345-354 | Received 19 Dec 2005, Published online: 18 Aug 2008
 

Abstract

The aim of this single-case-design study was to examine the relationships between therapeutic factors in group therapy and the language features of the group dialogue. Forty-two transcripts from a group treatment were investigated. Emotion–abstraction patterns (EAPs) were identified for the group as a whole using computer-assisted text analysis, and therapeutic factors were rated by external judges using the Kiel Group Psychotherapy Process Scale. Significant positive relationships were found between insight and the EAP connecting and between catharsis and the EAP experiencing. Interpersonal learning–output, catharsis, and self-disclosure showed higher scores in connection with the therapeutic cycle, which, according to the therapeutic cycle model, represents a sequence of EAP related to a successful therapeutic process. The current findings show that the use of EAPs allows the identification of key moments in a group therapy process.

Abstract

Ziel dieser Einzelfallstudie war die Überprüfung von Zusammenhängen zwischen therapeutischen Faktoren einer Gruppentherapie und Sprachmerkmalen des Gruppentherapiegesprächs. 42 Transkripte einer Gruppentherapie wurden untersucht. Anhand computerunterstützter textanalytischer Methoden wurden Emotions-/Abstraktions-Muster (EAM) für die Gruppe als Ganzes ermittelt; die therapeutischen Wirkfaktoren wurden durch Fremdbeobachtung mit der Kieler-Gruppenpsychotherapie-Prozess-Skala eingeschätzt. Signifikante positive Zusammenhänge wurden zwischen Einsicht und dem EAM “Connection” sowie zwischen Katharsis und dem EAM “Experiencing“ gefunden. Es ergaben sich höhere Werte im Zusammenhang mit dem therapeutischem Zyklus im interpersonellem Lernen (Interpersonal learning-output), der Katharsis und der Selbstoffenbarung (Self-disclosure), ganz im Sinne des Therapeutischen Zyklusmodells, welches besagt, dass eine Sequenz an EAM einen erfolgreichen Therapieprozess abbildet. Die aktuellen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Gebrauch der EAM die Identifizierung von Schlüsselmomenten im Gruppentherapieprozess ermöglicht.

Résumé

L'objectif de cette étude de cas était d'examiner les relations entre les facteurs thérapeutiques dans la thérapie de groupe et les caractéristiques langagières du dialogue de groupe. Quarante-deux transcriptions d'un traitement de groupe ont été investiguées. Des structures d’émotion-abstraction (EAPs) ont été identifiées pour l'ensemble du groupe en utilisant une analyse de texte assistée par ordinateur, et des facteurs thérapeutiques ont été codés par des juges externes en utilisant l’échelle de processus psychothérapeutique de groupe de Kiel. Des relations significatives positives ont été trouvées entre l'insight et l'EAP «connecter» ainsi que entre la catharsis et l'EAP «expérimenter». L'apprentissage interpersonnel, la catharsis et la révélation de soi montraient les scores les plus élevés en connexion avec le cycle thérapeutique, qui, selon le modèle du cycle thérapeutique, représente une séquence d'EAP reliée à un processus thérapeutique fructueux. Ces résultats montrent que l'utilisation des EAPs permet l'identification de moments clés dans le processus de la thérapie de groupe.

Abstract

El objetivo de este diseño de estudio de caso fue examinar la relación entre los factores terapéuticos en grupoterapia y los rasgos lingüísticos del diálogo grupal. Se investigaron cuarenta y dos transcripciones de un tratamiento grupal. Se identificaron patrones de emoción-abstracción (EAPs) para el grupo como un todo utilizando análisis de texto asistidos por computadora. Los factores terapéuticos fueron evaluados por jueces externos que usaron la Escala de proceso Kiel en psicoterapia grupal (Kiel Group Psychotherapy Process Scale). Se encontraron relaciones positivas significativas entre el insight y la EAP y entre la catarsis y la experiencia EAP interpersonal. El logro de aprendizaje (Learning-output), la catarsis y la exposición del self mostraron mayor puntaje en conexión con el ciclo terapéutico, el cual, de acuerdo con el modelo del ciclo terapéutico, representa una secuencia de EAP relacionada con un proceso terapéutico exitoso. Los hallazgos actuales muestran que el uso de EAPs permite la identificación de momentos clave en un proceso de grupoterapia.

Abstract

Fattori terapeutici e caratteristiche del linguaggio in terapia di gruppo, applicazione di un’analisi computerizzata del testo per la valutazione dei micro processi nella terapia di gruppo: primi risultati.

L’ obiettivo di questo studio in caso singolo era di esaminare le relazioni tra i fattori terapeutici nella terapia di gruppo e le caratteristiche del linguaggio nella conversazione nel gruppo. 42 trascrizioni di terapie di gruppo sono state analizzate.

Emotion-abstraction patterns (EAPs) sono stati identificati per l'intero gruppo utilizzando un'analisi computerizzata del testo ed i fattori terapeutici sono stati valutati da giudici esterni usando la Kiel Group Psychotherapy Process Scale. È stata trovata una significativa relazione positiva tra l'insight e il fattore comunicazione dell'EAP e fra la catarsi e ed il fattore esperienze interpersonali dell'EAP

Il rendimento dell'apprendimento, la catarsi e la self disclosure mostravano punteggi pi[ugrave] alti n connessione con il ciclo terapeutico che , in accordo col modello del ciclo terapeutico, rappresenta una sequenza di EAP relativi ad un efficace processo terapeutico. I risultati mostrano che l'uso dell'EAPs permette l'identificazione dei momenti chiave nel processo di una terapia di gruppo.

Abstract

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to express their gratitude to Prof. Dr. Susana E. Quiroga, Director of the Programme for the Prevention, Treatment and Investigation of Eating Disorders at the University of Buenos Aires (Argentina), for providing the database for this study

Notes

1. Based on the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fourth edition; American Psychiatric Association, Citation1994), bulimia nervosa (307.51) was diagnosed in two female patients, binge-eating disorder in one female patient (no specific number assigned yet), and a “not specifically characterized eating disorder” (307.50) in two female patients.

2. The measures used were Questionnaire on Eating Disorders (Zukerfeld & Zukerfeld, Citation1996), Eating Attitudes Test (Garner, Olmsted, Bohr, & Garfinkel, Citation1982; Spanish version: Garner & Zukerfeld, Citation1986), Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, Ward, Mendelson, Mock, & Erbaugh, Citation1961; Spanish version: Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, Citation1996), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg, & Jacobs, Citation1983; Spanish version: Leibovich de Figueroa, Citation1991).

3. The dictionaries required for the TCM are developed anew for each language, depending on the originally published procedure (Mergenthaler, 1996). Attempts to translate the original English dictionaries have proved useless because the text exploitation of the translated dictionary was too small.

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