A relational perspective on the association between working alliance and treatment outcome

Figures & data

Table I. Demographic information.

Demographics	Percentage
Gender
Female	74%
Male	26%
Occupational status
Employed	61%
Student	14%
Unemployed	13%
Parental leave	3%
Domestic situation
Living with a partner	56%
Living alone	35%
Most frequently presenting problems
Anxiety	47%
Relationship problems	35%
Depression	34%
Grief	20%
Work-related problems	19%
Somatic problems	12%

Note. n = 1096, mean age = 37.3 (SD = 14.3).

Figure 1. Flowchart of selected patient and therapist for analysis.

Table II. Variance partitioning.

Parameter	Rater	Proportion of total variance	Total variance
Therapist partner	Patient	7.1	0.90
Patient relationship	Patient	92.9**	0.90
Therapist perceiver	Therapist	45.0**	0.78
Therapist relationship	Therapist	55.0**	0.78

Note. *p < .05. **p < .01.

Table III. Estimates of dyadic and generalized reciprocity correlation session three.

Type of corr.	Estimate	Std. error	z	p
Dyadic	0.38**	0.043	8.73	< 0.01
Generalized	0.52*	0.201	2.61	0.01

Note. *p < .05. **p < .01.

Table IV. Parameter estimates for the association between alliance and outcome.

Parameters	Estimates	SE	Df	t	p
Fixed effects
a01 Intercept therapists WAI- ratings	5.38**	0.09	46.78	56.19	<.01
a02 Intercept patients WAI- ratings	5.73**	0.06	39.27	94.12	<.01
a11AvgCORE therapist perceiver	0.66	0.44	48.77	1.48	.15
a12AvgCORE therapist partner	−0.54	0.30	50.33	−1.84	.07
c01IndCORE therapist relationship	−0.37**	0.06	386.66	−6.44	<.01
c02 IndCORE patient relationship	−0.51**	0.08	393.60	−6.34	<.01
Random effects				z
d1j Variance AvgCORE therapists WAI-ratings	0.35**	0.08		4.13	<.01
d2j Variance AvgCORE patients WAI-ratings	0.07*	0.03		1.97	< .05
Corr d1j , d2j Generalized reciprocity correlation	0.69**	0.16		4.14	<.01
d3j Variance IndCORE therapist WAI-ratings	0.39**	0.03		13.90	<.01
d4j Variance IndCORE patients WAI-ratings	0.76**	0.05		14.02	<.01
Corr d3j , d4j Dyadic reciprocity correlation	0.31**	0.05		6.84	<.01

Note. n = 439.

*p < .05. **p < .01.

Table

Variance components social relations model	Reported by	Measuring	Equation parameter
Therapist partner	Patient	Do patients in general report similar alliances with therapists?	d2j
Patient relationship	Patient	Do patients seeing the same therapist report similar alliances?	Pe2ij
Therapist perceiver	Therapist	Do therapists in general report similar alliances with patients?	d1j
Therapist relationship	Therapist	Do therapists report similar alliances with their own patients?	Te1ij
Generalized reciprocity correlation	Both	Are therapists who generally report strong alliances perceived by their patients as forming strong alliances?	Corr(d1j, d2j)
Dyadic reciprocity correlation	Both	If a patient reports an especially strong alliance with his or her therapist, does that therapist also report an especially strong alliance with the patient?	4Corr(Pe2ij, Te1ij)