Differentiating between gift giving and bribing in China: a guanxi perspective

Figures & data

Table 1. The influence of gift value on the evaluation of a gift as a possible bribe

Scenarios	Gift Value	M	SD	F	η^2
Scenario 1	Low	1.42	2.38	21.26***	.12
	High	−0.34	2.59
Scenario 2	Low	1.91	2.23	21.32***	.12
	High	0.02	2.78
Scenario 3	Low	1	2.77	1.29	.01
	High	0.58	2.82
Average	Low	1.44	1.91	17.06***	.10
	High	0.09	2.32

* p < .05;** p < .01; In order to compare the results with Study 1, we transferred the score range from 1 to 8 to −4 to 4. A negative number denotes the extent to which a gift is considered a possible bribe (−4 means “absolutely a bribe”, 4 means “absolutely a gift”).

Table 2. Interaction effects between guanxi utility and gift value

Guanxi utility× Gift value	Guanxi utility	Low Value	High Value	F	η^2
Scenario 1	Low	1.69	0.37	1.64	.01
	High	1.20	−1.13
Scenario 2	Low	2.24	0.24	0.04	.00
	High	1.63	−0.22
Scenario 3	Low	1.62	1.14	0.00	.00
	High	0.49	−0.04
Average	Low	1.85	0.58	0.19	.001
	High	1.10	−0.46

−4 means “absolutely a bribe”, 4 means “absolutely a gift”.

Table 3. The influence of guanxi utility on the evaluation of a gift as a possible bribe

Independent Variable	Guanxi utility	M	SE	F	η^2
Scenario 1	Low	5.94	0.18	92.24***	0.74
	High	3.39	0.27
Scenario 2	Low	5.21	0.23	37.71***	0.54
	High	3.42	0.29
Scenario 3	Low	5.20	0.24	37.55***	0.54
	High	3.20	0.33
Average	Low	5.42	0.21	61.78***	0.66
	High	3.34	0.27

*** p < .001. 1 = “definitely a bribe”, 8 = “definitely a gift”.

Figure 1. The influence of guanxi utility and giving motivation on the evaluation of a gift as a possible bribe.

1 = “definitely a bribe”, 8 = “definitely a gift”.