Parents on probation: custody, co-residence, and care of minor children during community supervision

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic characteristics of sample.

	Not Parents of Minor Children	Parents of Minor Children	Total Sample	Chi-Square Test of Significance
	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)
Race/Ethnicity				n.s.
Non-Hispanic Black	29 (34%)	24 (35%)	53 (35%)
Non-Hispanic White	38 (45%)	20 (29%)	58 (38%)
American Indian or Native	5 (6%)	7 (10%)	12 (8%)
Hispanic or Latino/a	0 (0%)	4 (6%)	4 (3%)
All other races/ethnicities	13 (15%)	13 (19%)	26 (17%)
Gender				n.s.
Men	65 (76%)	53 (78%)	118 (77%)
Women	20 (24%)	15 (22%)	35 (23%)
Age				p<.01
Under 30 years	16 (19%)	16 (24%)	32 (21%)
30-39 years	15 (18%)	26 (38%)	41 (27%)
40-49 years	23 (27%)	16 (24%)	39 (25%)
Over 50 years	31 (36%)	10 (15%)	41 (27%)
Education
Less than high school	23 (28%)	18 (29%)	41 (28%)	n.s.
High school or GED	17 (20%)	15 (24%)	32 (22%)
Some college	24 (29%)	15 (24%)	39 (27%)
College degree or higher	19 (23%)	14 (23%)	33 (23%)
Marital Status				n.s.
Single-never married	59 (69%)	42 (62%)	101 (66%)
Currently engaged	1 (1%)	6 (9%)	7 (5%)
Married/Civil Union	4 (5%)	3 (4%)	7 (5%)
Separated/Divorced	21 (25%)	17 (25%)	38 (25%)
Receiving public benefits				n.s.
No benefits	20 (24%)	24 (36%)	44 (30%)
Food, Income, and/or Housing	62 (76%)	42 (64%)	104 (70%)
Employment Status				p<.05
No current employment	55 (65%)	32 (47%)	87 (57%)
Currently working for wages	30 (35%)	36 (53%)	66 (43%)
Most Serious Conviction Type				p<.05
Drugs/alcohol offense	33 (39%)	30 (45%)	63 (42%)
Person-related offense	19 (23%)	25 (37%)	44 (29%)
Property-related offense	21 (25%)	6 (9%)	27 (18%)
Other offense	11 (13%)	6 (9%)	17 (11%)
N	85 (56%)	68 (44%)	153

Note: Categories may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Percentages calculated only for participants with non-missing data on each question.

Table 2. Custody, co-residence, and caregiving by parents’ gender.

	Fathers	Mothers	All parents	Chi-Square Test of Significance
	N (%)	N (%)
Legal Custody				p<.01
Custody of 1 or more children	15 (30%)	12 (80%)	27 (42%)
No legal custody	35 (70%)	3 (20%)	38 (58%)
Co-Residence				p < 0.001
Living with 1 or more children	4 (9%)	8 (57%)	12 (20%)
Not living with any children	43 (91%)	6 (43%)	49 (80%)
Daily Care and Support				n.s.
Providing support for 1 or more children	39 (81%)	12 (86%)	51 (82%)
Not providing any support	9 (19%)	2 (14%)	11 (18%)
N	53	15	68

Note: Categories may not sum to 100% due to rounding. *Percentages calculated only for participants with non-missing data on each question.